Table 1.
Stress effects on Arc expression.
| Species | Sex | Stressor | Arc | Brain regions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | M | 30 min restraint stress | Increased | PL, IL, MA | Trnecková et al., 2007 |
| Rat | M | 30 min restraint stress | Increased | mPFC | Mikkelsen and Larsen, 2006 |
| Rat | M | 30 min restraint stress | Increased | CC, PL, IL, PIR, LS, MA | Ons et al., 2004 |
| Rat | M | 1 h immobilization stress | Increased | CC, PL, IL, PIR, LS, MA | Ons et al., 2010 |
| Rat | M | 1 h restraint stress/10 min open field | Increased | PFC | Drouet et al., 2015 |
| Mouse | M | 1 h restraint stress | Increased | FC, HC | Molteni et al., 2010 |
| Rat | M | 1 h restraint stress | Increased | PL, IL, MA | Trnecková et al., 2007 |
| Rat | M | 2 h restraint stress | Increased | PL, IL | Trnecková et al., 2007 |
| Rat | M | 2 h restraint stress | Increased | Cx | Benekareddy et al., 2013 |
| Rat | M | 2 h restraint stress | No effect | CA1, CA3, DG | Benekareddy et al., 2013 |
| Rat | M | 4 h restraint stress | Increased | PL, IL | Trnecková et al., 2007 |
| Rat | M | acute predator scent stress: 30 min post stress | Increased | FC, CA1 | Kozlovsky et al., 2008 |
| Rat | M | acute predator scent stress: 7 days post stress | Increased | FC, CA1, CA3, DG | Kozlovsky et al., 2008 |
| Rat | M | acute predator stress | Increased | PL, IL, VO, LO | Schiltz et al., 2007 |
| Rat | M | Chronic corticosterone po (50 μg/mL 14 days, 6 days titrate off) + washout (2–3 weeks) | Increased | LA | Monsey et al., 2014 |
| Mouse | M | Chronic unpredictable stress 3 weeks | Increased | HC | Boulle et al., 2014 |
| Mouse | M | Chronic mild stress | Reduced | FC, CC, CA1 | Elizalde et al., 2010 |
| Rat | M | 11 days 1 h immobilization stress | Reduced | CC, PL, IL | Ons et al., 2010 |
The available data generally suggests that acute stress enhances Arc expression in a variety of brain regions, while chronic stress has more complex and regionally-dependent effects on Arc expression. CA1, Cornu Ammonis area 1; CA3, Cornu Ammonis area 3; CC, cingulate cortex; Cx, Cortex; DG, dentate gyrus; FC, frontal cortex; HC, hippocampus; IL, infralimbic cortex; LA, lateral amygdala; LO, lateral orbital cortex; LS, lateral septum; MA, medial amygdala; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PIR, piriform cortex; PL, prelimbic cortex; VO, ventral orbital cortex.