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. 2015 Jul;5(3):161–172. doi: 10.1177/1941874415576204

Table 2.

Proposed Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Wake-Up Stroke.

Structural

  • Sleep-disordered breathing32 and PFO33

  • New-onset atrial fibrillation47

  • Endothelial dysfunction40

Homeostatic

  • Morning blood pressure “surge”31,35,36

Serological

  • Increased viscosity41

  • Increased platelet aggregation37–39

  • Increased procoagulant factors42–44

Abbreviation: PFO, patent foramen ovale.