Table 1.
IL-17-related clinical periodontal studies
| Clinical groups analyzed | Experimental procedure | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Solubilized gingival biopsies measured for IL-17 | IL-17 highest in 4–5mm | (83) |
| Healthy and PD | Examination of T-cell clones established from gingival tissues and peripheral blood | Gingival T cells had increases in IL-17 mRNA | (80) |
| Healthy and PD | Periodontal biopsies measured for IL-17 | IL-17 present and correlated to periodontal disease | (145) |
| Healthy and PD | GCF taken from healthy and periodontal patients measured for IL-17 | IL-17 is increased in PD | (152) |
| Healthy and PD | IHC on gingival biopsies | IL-17 is increased in PD | (11) |
PD
|
Interdental gingival papilla biopsy | IL-17 greater in moderate and severe lesions and correlated with IL-23 and CAL | (97) |
| Healthy and PD | Gingival biopsies analyzed for gene expression | IL-17 mRNA levels significantly higher in periodontal disease than gingivitis | (76) |
| Healthy and PD | Gingival and alveolar bone biopsies for mRNA and protein expression | PD tissues had elevated IL- 17, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23 mRNA while bone had elevated IL-17 and RANKL | (19) |
| Healthy and PD | PD biopsies analyzed for mRNA expression of IL-17 and other inflammatory mediators | FoxP3, IL-17, IL-1β and RANKL significantly increased in PD; IL-17 and RANKL and IL-17 correlated with RORC2 (RORγt) | (40) |
| Healthy and PD | PD biopsies analyzed for mRNA expression of Th17- related cytokines | Upregulation of IL-21, IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL- 23p19, but downregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in PD. IL-21 correlated with CAL | (41) |
| Healthy and PD | Gingival biopsies examined for IL-17, IL-12, IL-23, and receptors | IL-17, IL-12 and IL-23 all increased in periodontal diseased tissue, with IL- 23R greater relative expression than IL-12 receptor β2 | (118) |
| Healthy and PD | Gingival tissue examined for Th17-related cytokine mRNA and protein expression by IHC | mRNA and protein levels of IL-17 and RORC2 (RORγt) elevated in PD | (3) |
| Healthy and GAgP | GCF examined for IL-17 by ELISA | IL-17 levels not significantly different between the groups | (7) |
| Gingivitis and PD | Gingival tissue was examined for FoxP3 and IL-17 by IHC and FC | PD had higher cell numbers with FoxP3+IL- 17-, FoxP3-IL-17+ and double positive FoxP3+IL- 17+ cells | (119) |
| Healthy and PD | Gingival tissues were analyzed for Th2 and Th17 cytokine mRNA | Higher gene expression of Th17 markers(RORC2 and IL-17) than Th2 markers (GATA-3, IL-4) in PD | (10) |
| Healthy, PD and GAgP | GCF examined for IL-17 levels by ELISA. Plaque analyzed by PCR for bacteria | GAgP had highest levels of IL-17; P. gingivalis presence correlated with significantly increased IL- 17 in GPD and GAgP | (136) |
| PD patients before and after periodontal therapy | GCF examined for Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines by ELISA | IL-17 and IL-21 decreased, IL-4 increased, and IFN-γ unaltered upon therapy | (163) |
| PD and healthy | Biopsies examined for immune cells and cytokines by IHC, IF, and FC | IL-23–expressing macrophages correlated with inflammation and IL- 17–expressing T cells | (5) |
| PD and gingivitis | Biospsies examined by IHC and for mRNA expression | Abundance of IL-17- expressing CD3+ T cells in PD; IL-17 mRNA elevated in PD relative to gingivitis | (113) |