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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Jul 31;148(6):2499–506.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.031

Table 5. Risk analysis for early mortality in patients <2.5kg.

Univariate risk analysis for early mortality on patients <2.5kg

survivors (n=130) early deaths (n=16) p-value

gestational age (continuous variable) (mean±DS)(weeks) 35.7±2.8 34±2.7 0.013*

gestational age <36 weeks 50 (38.5%) 11 (68.8%) 0.03*

prematurity (gestational age <37 weeks) 70 (53.8%) 12 (75%) 0.12

Birthweight 2.13±0.43 kg 2.02±0.44 kg 0.22
AGA: 71 (54.6%) AGA: 10 (62.5%) 0.26
SGA: 57 (43.8%) SGA: 5 (31.3%)
LGA: 2 (1.5%) LGA: 1 (6.3%)

Antenatal diagnosis 84 (64.6%) 11 (68.8%) 1.00

Major extracardiac malformation 25 (19.2%) 2 (12.5%) 0.73

genetic syndrome 17 (13.1%) 3 (18.8%) 0.46

Surgeon surgeon 1: 19(14.6%) surgeon 1: 2 (12.5%) 0.072
surgeon 2: 53 (40.8%) surgeon 2: 2 (12.5%)
surgeon 3: 25 (19.2%) surgeon 3: 4 (25%)
surgeon 4: 33 (25.4%) surgeon 4: 8 (50%)

Age at surgery (days) (median, range) 7 (1; 91) 12.5 (1;64) 0.25

Weight at surgery 2.22±0.25 2.12±0.35 0.26

STAT score (mean) 3.61±1.1 3.69±0.94 0.89

Pathway: - Univentricular: 36 (27.7%) - Univentricular: 5 (31.3%) 0.77
- Palliation towards biventricular: 11 (8.5%) - Palliation towards biventricular: 2 (12.5%)
- Biventricular: 83 (63.8%) - Biventricular: 9 (56.3%)

Timing of surgery - Usual: 108 (83.1%) - Usual: 11 (68.8%) 0.17
- Delayed: 22 (16.9%) - Delayed: 5 (31.3%) 0.30

Bypass 122 (93.8%) 16 (100%) 0.30

Bypass time 110±50 102±48 0.67

Postoperative complications 41 (31%) 16 (100%) <0.0001*

delayed chest closure 15 (11.5%) 5 (31.3%) 0.047*

cardiac arrest 4(3.1%) 14 (87.5%) <0.0001*

length of mechanical ventilation (median) (days) 4 (1; 32) 12 (1;41) 0.09

Arrhythmia 11 (8.5%) 7 (43.8%) 0.001*

AV block requiring pacemaker 1 (0.8%) 2 (12.5%) 0.03*

Pulmonary complications 17 (13.1%) 6 (37.5%) 0.02*

Renal failure requiring dialysis 0 1 (6.3%) 0.004*

Necrotizing entrocolitis 6 (4.6%) 2 (12.5%) 0.21

Early unplanned reintervention 7 (5.4%) 2 (12.5%) 0.25

Residual lesions at discharge 32 (24.6%) 6 (37.5%) 0.36

Multivariate analysis

p-value OR 95% confidence interval

gestational age (continuous variable, in weeks) 0.037 0.83 0.69-0.98

Factors of adjustment for the multivariate analysis: surgeon, STAT score, type of procedure (uni/biventricular), gestational age at birth.