TABLE 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Relationship Between Variables of Interest and Cervical Screening Status

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
		Model A	Model B	Model C	Model D	Model E	Model Fa
Factors related to Islam
Self-Rating of Religiosity	3.1 (0.4–24.4)
PMIR - Positive Religious Coping and Identification	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity	1.06 (0.93–1.2)
Modesty	0.94 (0.8–1.1)
Discrimination in Healthcare	0.81b (0.7–0.95)	0.85 (0.7–1.0)					0.96 (0.76–1.2)
PMIR - Punishing Allah Reappraisal	0.84b (0.75–0.94)		0.87c (0.77–1.0)				0.94 (0.8–1.1)
Fatalism
Modified Powe	0.84c (0.72–0.98)			0.87 (0.73–1.0)			0.88 (0.72–1.1)
RHFQ - Divine Provision	0.86b (0.77–0.96)					0.9 (0.76–1.0)	0.96 (0.8–1.2)
RHFQ - Destined Plan	0.81b (0.7–0.95)				0.94 (0.8–1.1)		1 (0.81–1.2)
Characteristics
Age	1.01 (0.98–1.05)
Years in the United States
<10	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
11–20	5.5b (1.9–16.3)	2.8 (0.72–10.7)	2.5 (0.65–9.4)	3.1 (0.8–12)	2.4 (0.65–9)	1.8 (0.5–7.3)	2.8 (0.63–12.1)
>20	10.7d (4.4–25.7)	4.5b (1.5–13.2)	3.9c (1.2–12.1)	5.2b (1.8–15.4)	4.8b (1.6–14.3)	4.0c (1.3–12.3)	4.7c (1.4–16)
Highest level of education
Less than high school	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
High school	2.5e (0.9–7)	1.9 (0.50–7.2)	2.4 (0.62–9.3)	2.1 (0.57–7.6)	2.7 (0.65–9)	2.8 (0.72–10.9)	2.2 (0.5–8.6)
Associate’s degree	5.1b (1.6–16.6)	3.2 (0.73–13.8)	3 (0.62–14.5)	3.3 (0.71–15.6)	4 (0.85–19)	4.1e (0.9–19.5)	2.8 (0.6–14)
Bachelor’s degree	3.6c (1.2–10.6)	2.5 (0.63–10.1)	2 (0.5–8.2)	3.2 (0.75–13.3)	2.4 (0.58–10)	2.0 (0.5–8.6)	2.4 (0.5–12.4)
Advanced degree	3.5c (1.1–11.4)	1.8 (0.4–7.9)	1.3 (0.3–5.9)	1.4 (0.33–6.2)	1.5 (0.33–6.7)	1.5 (0.34–6.3)	1.2 (0.23–6.2)
Ethnicity
South Asian	Reference
African American/Black	0.95 (0.35–2.5)
Arab/Arab American	0.85 (0.32–2.25)
Marital status	1.18 (0.53–2.6)
Insurance status	2.1e (1–4.6)	0.94 (0.3–2.8)	1.3 (0.43–3.7)	1 (0.34–3)	1.2 (0.4–3.5)	1.2 (0.4–3.6)	1.3 (0.43–4)
Have a PCP	11.1d (5–24.4)	8.0d (2.9–22.2)	7.2d (2.4–21.8)	6.7d (2.3–19.2)	6.9d (2.4–20.1)	6.7d (2.4–19.3)	7.7d (2.5–23.4)

CI indicates confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PCP, primary care physician; PMIR, Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness; RHFQ, Religious Health Fatalism Questionnaire. Multivariate ordered regression models are adjusted for age, duration in the United States, level of educational attainment, knowing someone who has had breast cancer, and having a PCP.

^aModel E adjusted for identity-based discrimination, Punishing Allah Reappraisal, Modified Powe, RHFQ - Divine Provision, RHFQ - Destined Plan and characteristics significant in bivariate analysis.

^bp < .01.

^cp < .05.

^dp < .001.

^ep < .1.