Table 3.

Sample Characteristics of Individual Gait and Cognitive Tests According to Quartiles of the VV/SV z Score

	Quartiles of the VV/SV z Score								p trend
	1		2		3		4
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Gait speeda (time in s)
Normalb	–0.30	0.67	–0.21	0.64	–0.16	0.78	0.12	1.00	<0.001
Fastb	–0.23	0.83	–0.14	0.85	–0.16	0.92	0.08	1.03	0.002
Executive functiona
Digits backward	0.23	0.99	0.04	0.98	0.09	1.04	0.02	1.08	0.060
Spatial working memoryb	–0.26	0.89	–0.11	1.02	0.10	0.90	0.02	0.96	<0.001
Stroop 3b	–0.26	0.76	–0.09	0.95	–0.05	1.02	0.01	0.96	0.003
Memorya
Immediate recall	0.40	0.97	0.14	0.96	0.06	1.00	–0.10	0.95	<0.001
Delayed recall	0.39	0.98	0.15	0.98	0.11	0.97	–0.14	0.98	<0.001
Speed of processinga
DSST	0.41	0.91	0.25	1.00	0.11	0.98	0.01	1.02	<0.001
Figure comparison	0.37	0.91	0.20	1.04	0.11	1.00	–0.06	1.00	<0.001
Stroop 1b	–0.23	0.79	–0.12	1.01	–0.12	0.77	–0.05	0.74	0.037
Stroop 2b	–0.27	0.77	–0.14	1.01	–0.08	0.80	–0.02	0.88	0.002
Dementia (%)	0.47		3.26		3.72		3.27

VV = ventricular volume; SV = sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volume; SD = standard deviation; DSST = Digit Symbol Substitution Test.

^az Scores (mean for total sample = 0.0, standard deviation for total sample = 1.0).

^bLower scores represent better performance.