Table 3.

Mixed-Effect Logit Parameters for Ever Employed as Teen

Sample by Residential History in DHA during Teen Years	EVER IN DHA		CURRENTLY IN DHA		MOSTLY IN DHA
Child Characteristics
Latina Female	0.51	(0.38)	0.54	(0.37)	0.62	(0.42)
Latino Male	0.36	(0.26)	0.40	(0.26)	0.44	(0.29)
African American Female	0.30*	(0.18)	0.30	(0.20)	0.34	(0.22)
First born in family (omitted=no)	1.81	(0.77)	1.93	(0.78)	1.98	(0.80)
Ave. # of siblings during HS	0.80	(0.21)	0.77	(0.18)	0.82	(0.19)
child age 15 at time of survey	0.032***	(0.033)	0.069**	(0.062)	0.059**	(0.053)
child age 16 at time of survey	0.14*	(0.11)	0.33	(0.24)	0.24	(0.18)
child age 17 at time of survey	0.57	(0.35)	0.52	(0.33)	0.48	(0.31)
Caregiver and Household Characteristics
Caregiver has depressive symptomatology (omitted=no)	1.63	(0.96)	1.63	(0.83)	1.63	(0.84)
Caregiver age at time of child’s birth	0.77	(0.21)	0.72	(0.18)	0.74	(0.18)
Immigrant status (omitted=no)	0.67	(0.50)	0.91	(0.55)	0.84	(0.52)
Caregiver history of substance abuse (omitted=no)	0.68	(0.49)	0.79	(0.48)	0.71	(0.44)
Caregiver disability status (omitted=not disabled)	0.76	(0.19)	0.77	(0.18)	0.76	(0.18)
Caregiver had technical degree when child 1st worked (omitted=none)	0.43	(0.34)	0.37	(0.27)	0.28	(0.22)
Caregiver had HS diploma when child 1st worked (omitted=none)	1.07	(0.63)	1.11	(0.54)	0.93	(0.46)
Caregiver had college degree when child 1st worked (omitted=none)	0.57	(0.47)	0.78	(0.55)	0.76	(0.55)
Proportion of HS when two caregivers in household	0.75	(0.18)	0.92	(0.19)	0.92	(0.20)
Log of average household income during HS	2.36*	(1.02)	1.39	(0.50)	1.50	(0.55)
Caregiver availability to monitor child at least part-time during HS	1.42	(1.17)	0.71	(0.53)	0.90	(0.66)
Ave. household stressor scale during HS (range 0–5)	0.53*	(0.15)	0.51*	(0.14)	0.48**	(0.13)
Proportion of HS when household had health insurance	1.20	(0.30)	1.05	(0.23)	1.04	(0.23)
Total # moves during HS	0.85	(0.17)	0.98	(0.19)	0.90	(0.18)
Macroeconomic Characteristics
National GDP annual growth rate when child first worked	1.04	(0.20)	1.05	(0.20)	1.04	(0.20)
Neighborhood Characteristics
Ave. prop. HS spent in neighborhood w/ bad peers	1.09	(0.33)	1.14	(0.31)	1.24	(0.35)
Ave. social capital scale during HS (range 0–6)	1.36	(0.35)	1.30	(0.28)	1.29	(0.28)
Ave. social problems scale during HS (range 0–5)	1.49	(0.52)	1.37	(0.43)	1.36	(0.43)
Ave. social vulnerability scale during HS (range 0–400)	0.84	(0.48)	0.53	(0.27)	0.55	(0.29)
Ave. percent African American residents during HS	0.69	(0.28)	0.73	(0.30)	0.71	(0.30)
Ave. percent Latino residents during HS	0.39	(0.25)	0.58	(0.34)	0.56	(0.33)
Ave. occupational prestige score during HS (range (0–100)	0.47	(0.23)	0.61	(0.27)	0.60	(0.27)
Ave. percent foreign-born residents during HS	1.02	(0.43)	0.87	(0.34)	0.85	(0.33)
Ave. percent of residents who moved in preceding 12 months during HS	1.14	(0.36)	1.33	(0.40)	1.33	(0.41)
Ave. percent of HS living in neighborhood with hospitals and clinics	1.37	(0.33)	1.01	(0.24)	1.16	(0.27)
Ave. resource factor scale during HS	0.67	(0.28)	1.16	(0.43)	0.99	(0.37)
Ave. percent of housing built before 1940 during HS	1.82	(0.60)	1.90*	(0.59)	1.87*	(0.58)
Ave. violent crime rate per 1,000 during HS	0.24*	(0.14)	0.52	(0.25)	0.51	(0.25)
Ave. property crime rate per 1,000 during HS	2.87*	(1.44)	2.65*	(1.18)	2.29	(1.00)
Ave. child abuse and neglect rate per 1,000 during HS	2.24*	(0.90)	1.75	(0.61)	1.91	(0.68)
Observations	444		339		352
Log Likelihood	−232.8		−172.9		−181.3
chi2	31.44		32.21		31.76
p	0.765		0.733		0.752
Log Likelihood (basic logistic model)	−244.5		−176.0		−185.4
chi_bar2 (XTME vs. Logistic)	23.25		6.123		8.201
p for chi_bar2	0.0000007		0.00667		0.00209

Exponentiated coefficients; Robust SEs in 2nd column;

^*p<0.05;

^**p<.01:

^***p<.001