Table 1.
Basic characteristics of study households (N = 570)
| Characteristics | Total | IHL | Shared facility | Significance test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Percentage | N | Percentage | (χ2 test unless indicated otherwise) | ||
| Total number of households | 570 | 272 | 47.7 | 298 | 52.3 | – |
| Total number of individuals (reported) in households | 3,022 | 1,555 | 51.5 | 1,467 | 48.5 | – |
| Sex head of household | ||||||
| Male | 476 | 225 | 47.3 | 251 | 52.7 | P = 0.628 |
| Female | 94 | 47 | 50.0 | 47 | 50.0 | |
| Education level of the household caretaker | ||||||
| No formal education | 100 | 35 | 35.0 | 65 | 65.0 | P < 0.001 |
| Some/complete primary | 133 | 52 | 39.1 | 81 | 60.1 | |
| Some secondary | 241 | 120 | 49.8 | 121 | 50.2 | |
| Secondary and higher | 74 | 50 | 67.6 | 24 | 32.4 | |
| Years in house | ||||||
| < 5 years | 59 | 22 | 37.3 | 37 | 62.7 | P = 0.09 |
| > 5 years | 511 | 250 | 48.9 | 261 | 51.1 | |
| Average no. of individuals in household Mean (SD) | 5.7 (2.7) | 4.9 (2.1) | Two sample t test P < 0.001 | |||
| Average no. of children under five in household Mean (SD) | 0.61 (1.0) | 0.61 (0.9) | Two sample t test | |||
| P = 0.50 | ||||||
| Average no. of rooms used for sleeping in household Mean (SD) | 2.11 (1.2) | 1.50 (0.7) | Two sample T-test | |||
| P < 0.001 | ||||||
| Has BPL* card | ||||||
| Yes, verified | 152 | 67 | 44.1 | 85 | 55.9 | P = 0.546 |
| Yes, reported | 47 | 23 | 48.9 | 24 | 51.1 | |
| No | 371 | 183 | 49.3 | 188 | 50.7 | |
| Open defecation practiced (at least one member of household, on some occasions) | 63 | 20 | 32.3 | 42 | 67.7 | P = 0.01 |
| Diarrhea† (at individual level) | 24 | 12 | 0.77 | 12 | 0.82 | Two sample t test P = 0.001 |
| Water source (drinking water) | ||||||
| Piped water | 460 | 219 | 47.6 | 241 | 52.4 | P = 0.914 |
| Non-piped water | 110 | 53 | 48.2 | 57 | 51.8 | |
| Location of (drinking) water source | ||||||
| In own dwelling | 166 | 92 | 55.4 | 74 | 44.6 | P < 0.001 |
| In own yard/compound | 190 | 114 | 60.0 | 76 | 40.0 | |
| Outside of dwelling | 213 | 65 | 30.5 | 148 | 69.5 | |
| House structure | ||||||
| Cement wall and roof (pucca) | 217 | 131 | 60.4 | 86 | 39.6 | P < 0.001 |
| Cement wall (semi pucca) | 296 | 123 | 41.6 | 173 | 58.5 | |
| No cement (kucha) | 56 | 18 | 32.1 | 38 | 67.4 | |
| Wealth tertile | ||||||
| Poor | 190 | 51 | 26.8 | 139 | 73.2 | P < 0.001 |
| Middle | 193 | 94 | 48.7 | 99 | 51.3 | |
| Least poor | 128 | 128 | 68.5 | 59 | 31.6 | |
*
BPL = below poverty line card, provided by the Government indicating financial disadvantage and identifies households and individuals in need of assistance.
†
No. of individuals reporting diarrhea, can be different from households as several individuals reporting diarrhea may reside in the same place.