Table 1.
Study population characteristics
| Characteristics | % | N |
|---|---|---|
| Number of children | – | 216 |
| Female | 54% | 116 |
| Age (months) (median ± SD [min–max]) | 17 ± 5.8 [6–30] | 216 |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||
| Proportion WAZ < −2 | 22% | 47 |
| Proportion HAZ < −2 | 26% | 56 |
| Proportion WHZ < −2 | 6% | 14 |
| Fecal environmental enteropathy markers (median [25th, 75th percentile]) | ||
| Calprotectin (μg/g) | 402.67 [193.37, 822.30] | 216 |
| EE score | 5.00 [3.00, 7.00] | 216 |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin (mg/g) | 0.26 [0.16, 0.51] | 216 |
| Myeloperoxidase (ng/mL) | 3,576.75 [1,969.50, 5,998.00] | 216 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1,505.50 [572.00, 3,011.00] | 216 |
| Number of individuals living in household (median ± SD [min–max]) | 5 ± 1.9 [1–12] | 216 |
| Age of caregiver (years) (median ± SD [min–max]) | 25 ± 6.2 [17–52] | 216 |
| Caregiver educational level | ||
| No formal education | 10% | 22 |
| Primary school education | 26% | 57 |
| Secondary education or higher | 64% | 137 |
| Location of animal corral in household | ||
| No animal corral | 0% | 0 |
| Connected to sleeping room | 14% | 31 |
| Adjacent to sleeping room | 52% | 113 |
| Separated from house | 34% | 72 |
| Floor type in sleeping room | ||
| Earth | 76% | 164 |
| Concrete | 23% | 49 |
| Other | 1% | 3 |
| No soap present near household tube well | 72% | 155 |
| Unimproved household sanitation option* | 16% | 34 |
| Caregiver with visibly soiled hands† | 21% | 45 |
| Child with visibly soiled hands† | 34% | 74 |
HAZ = length/height-for-age z-score; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score; WHZ = weight-for-length/height z-score.
*
Unimproved sanitation (defined as no sanitation option, open-pit latrine, latrine with broken slab, bucket, or hanging toilet).
†
Visibly soiled hands was defined as an individual with a code of visible dirt for all parts of the hand (e.g., finger pads, nails, and palms).