Table 2.
Association between environmental conditions and fecal EE markers
| Environmental conditions | % | Total N | EE score coefficient (95% CI) | Calprotectin (μg/g) coefficient (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age adjusted | Fully adjusted† | Age adjusted | Fully adjusted† | |||
| Animal corral in sleeping room | 14 | 216 | 1.0 (0.14, 1.88)* | 1.0 (0.13, 1.88)* | −168.35 (−446.56, 109.86) | −162.65 (−441.31, 116.01) |
| Caregiver with visibly soiled hands‡ | 21 | 216 | 0.01 (−0.74, 0.77) | 0.05 (−0.70, 0.80) | 385.74 (154.18, 617.30)* | 384.10 (152.37, 615.83)* |
| Child with visibly soiled hands‡ | 34 | 216 | −0.06 (−0.71, 0.58) | −0.09 (−0.73, 0.56) | 101.01 (−102.11, 302.13) | 106.92 (−96.29, 310.13) |
| Unimproved sanitation option§ | 16 | 216 | −0.50 (−1.33, 0.34) | −0.52 (−1.37, 0.33) | −116.85 (−381.19, 147.49) | −116.77 (−385.02, 151.48) |
| No soap present near tubewell¶ | 72 | 216 | −0.02 (−0.69, 0.66) | −0.03 (−0.72, 0.66) | 19.01 (−195.09, 233.10) | −7.99 (−227.77, 211.79) |
| Earth floor in sleeping room | 76 | 216 | 0.06 (−0.65, 0.77) | 0.05 (−0.70, 0.81) | 35.42 (−190.03, 260.88) | 34.09 (−203.52, 271.70) |
CI = confidence interval; EE = environmental enteropathy.
*
P value < 0.05.
†
Fully adjusted models adjust for age, age squared, caregiver educational level, and family size.
‡
Visibly soiled hands was defined as an individual with a code of visible dirt for all parts of the hand (e.g., finger pads, nails).
§
Unimproved sanitation (defined as no sanitation option, open-pit latrine, latrine with broken slab, bucket, or hanging toilet).
¶
Near is defined as within ten steps of the tubewell.