Table 3.

Association between environmental conditions and anthropometric measurements

Outcome	%	Total N	Proportion WAZ < −2 OR (95% CI)		Proportion HAZ < −2 OR (95% CI)		Proportion WHZ OR (95% CI)
			Age adjusted	Fully adjusted†	Age adjusted	Fully adjusted†	Age adjusted	Fully adjusted†
Animal corral in sleeping room	14	216	2.14 (0.93, 4.94)	2.14 (0.92, 4.98)	2.53 (1.14, 5.63)*	2.43 (1.08, 5.43)*	3.16 (0.90, 11.32)	3.63 (0.96, 13.66)
Caregiver with visibly soiled hands‡	21	216	1.03 (0.46, 2.27)	1.03 (0.46, 2.29)	1.38 (0.67, 2.85)	1.44 (0.69, 3.00)	1.57 (0.47, 5.30)	1.63 (0.47, 5.71)
Child with visibly soiled hands‡	34	216	0.96 (0.49, 1.91)	0.96 (0.48, 1.91)	1.17 (0.62, 2.21)	1.18 (0.62, 2.25)	0.78 (0.24, 2.60)	0.76 (0.22, 2.56)
Unimproved sanitation option§	16	216	1.11 (0.46, 2.65)	1.11 (0.46, 2.72)	1.97 (0.90, 4.29)	1.82 (0.82, 4.04)	1.53 (0.40, 5.84)	1.82 (0.45, 7.39)
No soap present near tubewell¶	72	216	1.11 (0.54, 2.26)	1.03 (0.49, 2.17)	0.71 (0.35, 1.45)	0.73 (0.35, 1.53)	1.48 (0.47, 4.63)	1.20 (0.36, 3.98)
Earth floor in sleeping room	76	216	2.59 (1.03, 6.51)*	3.07 (1.13, 8.34)*	2.33 (1.01, 5.33)*	2.18 (0.91, 5.19)	1.89 (0.41, 8.79)	2.76 (0.51, 14.85)

CI = confidence interval; HAZ = length/height-for-age z-score; OR = odds ratio; WAZ = weight-for-age z-score; WHZ = weight-for-length/height z-score.

^*P value < 0.05.

^†Fully adjusted models adjust for age, age squared, caregiver educational level, and family size.

^‡Visibly soiled hands was defined as an individual with a code of visible dirt for all parts of the hand (e.g., finger pads, nails, palms).

^§Unimproved sanitation (defined as no sanitation option, open-pit latrine, latrine with broken slab, bucket, or hanging toilet).

^¶Near is defined as within ten steps of the tubewell.