Table 2.

Multiple logistic regression analysis for independent associations of cytokines with P. falciparum infection at the time of inclusion

Variables inclusion	Odds ratio	95% CI	P
Detectable IFN-γ*	0.45	0.21–0.97	0.044
Detectable IL-10*	1.95	0.91–4.21	0.086
CD4 count (> 350)	0.60	0.34–1.08	0.091
IPT/SP taken before INC	0.43	0.17–1.03	0.060

IFN-γ = tumor necrosis factor α; tumor necrosis factor α; IL-10 = interleukin-10; IPT = intermittent preventive treatment; SP = sulfadoxine pyrimethamine.

^*Cytokine levels were dichotomized into undetectable vs. detectable levels.