Table 2.

Adjusted Geometric Mean Concentrations of Environmental Phenols in NCS Pregnant Women

		Analyte (μg/L)
		BP-3		BPA		TCS		MP		PP		2,4-DCP		2,5-DCP
Category	N	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value	Mean (95% CI)	P-value
All Females	506	59.5 (49.7,71.3)		1.4 (1.2,1.5)		19.0 (16.1,22.4)		103.5 (91.4,117.2)		19.1 (16.1,22.6)		0.70 (0.61,0.80)		3.9 (3.3,4.8)
Study Site			0.02		0.42		0.2		0.01		0.03		<0.0001		<0.0001
Age (yrs)			0.08		0.06		0.07		0.21		0.64		0.11		0.52
16–29	263
30–44	243
Race/ethnicity			0.02		0.12		0.04		0.07		0.42		<0.0001		<0.0001
Non-Hispanic black	30	23.0 (10.8,48.7)				14.2 (6.9,29.2)						1.68 (1.12,2.51)		18.8 (10.3,34.2)
Non-Hispanic white	328	72.0 (57.0,90.9)				16.4 (13.1,20.5)						0.55 (0.48,0.62)		2.5 (2.1,3.1)
Hispanic	99	54.0 (33.9,86.2)				33.9 (21.7,63.0)						1.14 (0.89,1.46)		9.0 (6.2,13.0)
Other	49	36.2 (20.4,64.2)				18.8 (10.9,32.5)						0.74 (0.54,1.0)		5.3 (3.4,8.4)
Education			0.02		0.77		0.04		0.06		0.04		0.08		0.04
Income			0.38		0.47		0.29		0.8		0.15		0.77		0.48
Urine creatinine			<0.0001		<0.0001		<0.0001		<0.0001		<0.0001		<0.0001		<0.0001

Overall geometric means are presented for All Females. Adjusted geometric means are shown for subgroups when race/ethnicity was significant (p<0.05) in the regression analysis, using the covariates study site, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and log urinary creatinine. Study site was frequently significant, but age was not for any of the urine phenol results.

Detection frequencies were benzophenone-3 (BP-3) 100%, BPA 89.1%, triclosan (TCS) 81%, Methyl paraben (MP) 100%, Propyl paraben (PP) 98.4%, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) 82.8%, and 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) 94.1%.