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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: Elem Sch J. 2012 Dec;113(2):215–229. doi: 10.1086/667405

Table 4.

Effect Size (Cohen’s d) by Unit and Grade

Unit Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 4
Cardiovascular fitness 1.72 1.50 .97
Muscular fitness 2.21 1.44 1.70
Flexibility/nutrition 2.21 1.40 1.47

Note.—An effect size of 0.2 to 0.3 might be a small effect, around 0.5 a medium effect, and 0.8 to infinity a large effect (Cohen, 1988).