Table 3.
Native Elder Life–Financial Exploitation Measure: Item-Level and Scale-Level Summaries.
| n | Final scale |
Total | Northern Plains |
South Central |
χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I know how much money I have (Reversed) | 100 | * | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.22 | 1.43 |
| I know when my money (or check) is coming (Reversed) | 100 | * | 1.16 | 1.02 | 1.30 | 3.53** |
| My family knows when I have money coming | 99 | * | 2.71 | 2.69 | 2.72 | 0.11 |
| My family depends on my money to make ends meet | 100 | * | 2.05 | 2.18 | 1.92 | 1.11 |
| My family uses my money for things like alcohol or drugs | 99 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.41 | |
| My family uses my money for things like gambling | 100 | * | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 0.68 |
| My family takes things from my home without permission and sells or pawns them | 99 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 2.80** | |
| My family has made me sign documents that I don’t want to sign (like wills or other legal papers) | 100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| I need help paying bills | 99 | 1.29 | 1.26 | 1.33 | 0.50 | |
| Someone helps make sure my bills are paid on time (reversed) | 20 | 2.20 | 3.44 | 3.18 | 0.51 | |
| SUMMARY: I need help paying bills but they are not paid on time | 99 | * | 1.47 | 1.36 | 1.41 | 0.31 |
| My money is being used in the way I want it used (Reversed) | 99 | * | 1.27 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 1.10 |
| I’m afraid to talk about my money with my family | 98 | * | 1.37 | 1.38 | 1.35 | 0.16 |
| My family borrows money from me and doesn’t pay it back | 100 | * | 1.36 | 1.44 | 1.28 | 1.28 |
| I have run out of things like food or medicine by the end of the month because my family uses it for other things | 100 | * | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| I have received “shut off” notices for electricity, the phone, or other things because my family uses by money for other things | 100 | * | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.58 |
| My family has taken cultural regalia or sacred items away from me | 100 | * | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.77 |
| My family has taken personal property (like land or other material goods) away from me | 100 | * | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.77 |
| I babysit for my children | 100 | 1.53 | 1.50 | 1.56 | 0.38 | |
| I babysit because I enjoy it (Reversed) | 40 | 1.73 | 2.00 | 1.42 | 2.18* | |
| I babysit more than I’d like | 40 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.32 | 0.17 | |
| Babysitting is hard on me financially | 40 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 1.49 | |
| Babysitting is hard on me physically | 40 | 1.60 | 1.43 | 1.79 | 1.49 | |
| SUMMARY: I babysit for my children and it is hard on me | 100 | * | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.54 | 0.13 |
| I am raising children in my family (that is, I’m their primary caretaker) | 100 | 1.35 | 1.54 | 1.16 | 2.09* | |
| Raising children in my family is financially hard on me | 14 | 2.29 | 2.50 | 1.75 | 1.00 | |
| Raising children in my family is physically hard on me | 14 | 1.93 | 2.20 | 1.25 | 2.67* | |
| My family expects me to raise children in my family | 14 | 2.07 | 1.00 | 1.75 | 0.58 | |
| SUMMARY: I raise children and it is hard on me and/or is expected | 100 | * | 1.31 | 1.48 | 1.14 | 2.13* |
| Cronbach’s α | 95 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.53 | ||
| Mean of financial exploitation items (includes items with *) | 100 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 0.44 | |
Note. Shaded cells indicate items that are conditional on one another and combined into summary measures.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.