Table 1.

Adjusted association between diabetes and stress burden^*

	Northern Plains		Southwest
	OR (95% CI)†	OR (95% CI)‡	OR (95% CI)†	OR (95% CI)‡
Early-life stress
Separation from parents	1.08 (0.72–1.62)	0.98 (0.63, 1.51)	1.42 (0.90, 2.25)	1.42 (0.90, 2.24)
Interpersonal trauma	1.70 (1.06–2.71)§	1.67 (1.01, 2.77)§	1.16 (0.63, 2.14)	0.95 (0.52, 1.75)
Chronic stress
Location hassles	1.36 (0.89–2.06)	1.20 (0.73–1.96)	1.00 (0.55–1.84)	0.75 (0.41–1.38)
Discrimination	1.14 (0.65–2.01)	0.78 (0.39–1.59)	2.74 (1.52–4.96)||	2.76 (1.49–5.11)||
Community family dysfunction	1.34 (1.00–1.79)§	1.19 (0.77–1.85)	1.22 (0.87–1.71)	0.78 (0.47–1.30)
Community addiction problem	1.34 (0.99–1.81)	1.15 (0.75–1.77)	1.56 (1.10–2.20)§	1.91 (1.10–3.30)§
Community economic distress	1.25 (0.85–1.83)	0.93 (0.60–1.45)	1.20 (0.82–1.76)	0.90 (0.55–1.47)

^*Only includes stressors that showed a significant unadjusted relationship with diabetes in the Northern Plains or Southwest.

^†Controlling for sex, age, education, and employment status.

^‡Controlling for sex, age, education, employment status, and other stress variables.

^§P < 0.05,

^||P < 0.001.