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Characteristics of violence types.
| Primary motives | Gender | Individual or group | Secondary motives | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Individual | Group | ||
| Reputation | X | 0 | 0 | X | Self-defense |
| Leveling | X | X | X | X | Irritation, jealousy |
| Retaliation | X | X | X | X | Loyalty |
| Catharsis | X | 0 | X | X | Relaxation, pleasure |
| Self-defense | 0 | X | X | 0 | Anger |
