Table 1.
Metabolite concentrations (ng/ml) in controls (NC), premanifest (PHD) and early symptomatic Huntington’s disease (HD)
| Pathway | Metabolite | Mean (SD) | P-values | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PHD | HD | NC versus PHD | NC versus HD | PHD versus HD | ||
| Tryptophan | Tryptophan (TRP) | 4225.2 (872.3) | 4225.6 (781.1) | 4238.2 (953.1) | 0.998 | 0.913 | 0.993 |
| Serotonin (5HT) | 17.5 (30.8) | 8.7 (12.9) | 6.9 (14.5) | 0.006** | <0.001** | 0.427 | |
| N-acetylserotonin (NA5HT) | 12.1 (7.31) | 15.9 (5.93) | 17.2 (8.93) | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.308 | |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) | 4 (3.2) | 4.7 (2.76) | 3.3 (2.22) | 0.128 | 0.044 | 0.002** | |
| 5-hydroxyindoleacetate (5HIAA) | 18 (10.2) | 14.5 (8.22) | 18.4 (15.2) | 0.014** | 0.855 | 0.042** | |
| Indole-3-acetic acid (I3AA) | 227 (144.1) | 253.7 (137.6) | 240.8 (160.5) | 0.243 | 0.491 | 0.606 | |
| Kynurinine (KYN) | 149.1 (38.6) | 145.6 (33.1) | 138.5 (36.9) | 0.537 | 0.031** | 0.225 | |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3OHAN) | 3.3 (2.7) | 3.9 (3.6) | 2.6 (2.5) | 0.284 | 0.028** | 0.019** | |
| 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKY) | 6.2 (3.8) | 6.6 (2.5) | 6.1 (3.0) | 0.381 | 0.765 | 0.231 | |
| Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) | 31.5 (10.8) | 28.6 (9.99) | 30 (9.8) | 0.081* | 0.253 | 0.41 | |
| N-methyltryptamine (NMTRYP) | 13 (6.50) | 11 (3.8) | 12 (4.7) | 0.013** | 0.186 | 0.173 | |
| Indole-3-propionic acid (I3PA) | 191.1 (199.2) | 138.5 (130.1) | 107.7 (87.8) | 0.035** | <0.001** | 0.128 | |
| Tyrosine | Tyrosine (TYR) | 3570.8 (1128.5) | 3954.5 (980.4) | 3809.3 (1253.8) | 0.023** | 0.128 | 0.431 |
| Homovanillic acid (HVA) | 21.6 (9.8) | 20.4 (6.70) | 24.7 (10.52) | 0.339 | 0.021** | 0.003** | |
| Homogentisic acid (HGA) | 2.8 (2.45) | 3.6 (2.36) | 3.2 (2.59) | 0.045** | 0.268 | 0.31 | |
| Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) | 23.6 (11.04) | 23.6 (10.70) | 21.4 (14.5) | 0.961 | 0.204 | 0.275 | |
| 2-hydroxyphenylacetate (2HPAC) | 104.6 (102.3) | 120.7 (136.2) | 78.7 (89.4) | 0.441 | 0.037** | 0.048** | |
| 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (3HPAC) | 124.2 (150.8) | 120.7 (110.7) | 175.4 (208.1) | 0.862 | 0.035** | 0.034** | |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4HPAC) | 79.2 (110.1) | 88.5 (52.06) | 91.4 (75.7) | 0.429 | 0.304 | 0.77 | |
| 4-hyroxyphenyllactic acid (4HPLA) | 155 (60.8) | 145 (38.9) | 127.2 (42.8) | 0.18 | <0.001** | <0.01** | |
| Purine | Hypoxanthine (HX) | 285.3 (399.9) | 406.8 (498.8) | 309.2 (373.9) | 0.119 | 0.634 | 0.217 |
| Guanosine (GR) | 56.9 (51.67) | 73.4 (69.5) | 55.3 (60.12) | 0.13 | 0.823 | 0.12 | |
| Xanthine (XAN) | 122.6 (61.6) | 98.3 (35.9) | 103.7 (45.7) | 0.001** | 0.007* | 0.419 | |
| Xanthosine (XANTH) | 57.7 (19.3) | 57.5 (17.3) | 53.3 (16.47) | 0.938 | 0.055* | 0.15 | |
| Urate (URATE) | 40,099.7 (1001) | 41,701 (6770.2) | 38,936 (8475.0) | 0.209 | 0.331 | 0.03* | |
| Paraxanthine (PARAXAN) | 68.9 (60.5) | 70.1 (63.0) | 77.1 (70.6) | 0.909 | 0.341 | 0.528 | |
| Antioxidant | Gama tocopherol (GTOCO) | 898.8 (585.2) | 887.7 (537.2) | 1077 (721.2) | 0.901 | 0.041** | 0.068* |
| Alpha tocopherol (ATOCO) | 2699 (1562.4) | 3307.5 (1471.7) | 3166 (1836.1) | 0.014** | 0.038** | 0.605 | |
| Methionine | Methionine; (MET) | 1409.1 (666.5) | 1709.3 (594.0) | 1484.6 (611.0) | 0.003** | 0.361 | 0.03** |
*
P < 0.1
**
P < 0.05, FDR corrected.