Fig. 3.

miRNA-mediated CCL2 expression in macrophages. The expression of CCL2 is induced by the miR-155-mediated suppression of the NF-κB inhibitor BCL6. miR-155 is regulated by miR-342-5p, which targets AKT-1 and BMPR2. miR-146 acts as a negative regulator to reduce the CCL2 expression by targeting TLR4. Moreover, CCL2 expression is triggered by the expression of CHI3L1 and LPL, which is negatively regulated by miR-24 and miR-467a, respectively. KLF2 expression in macrophages reduces the expression of CCL2 by reducing miR-150, which negatively regulates miR-124a. miR-124a directly suppresses the expression of CCL2 via its binding site in the 3′ UTR of the CCL2 mRNA transcript. NF-κB nuclear factor-κB, CCL2 chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2, BCL6 B-cell lymphoma 6, AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, BMPR2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6, IRAK1 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/2, CHI3L1 chitinase 3-like 1, LPL lipoprotein lipase, KLF2 Krüppel-like factor 2. The dashed arrow indicates an indirect regulation