Table 1.
Mean values (with standard deviation in parentheses) of participant characteristics.
| Variable | Independent | Retirement |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 12 Female, 11 Male | 17 Female, 6 Male |
| Age (in years)a | 79.87 (5.87) | 79.91 (9.72) |
| WMS-III Digit Span Backwards | 6.22 (1.81) | 6.70 (2.67) |
| NAART35 Vocabularyb,c | 9.70 (6.87) | 13.43 (9.33) |
| N | 23 | 23 |
Independent, Independent older adults; Retirement, Retirement community older adults; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition (Wechsler, 1997); NAART35, Short Version of North American Adult Reading Test (Uttl, 2002).
a
Age was not recorded for one Retirement participant.
b
NAART Vocabulary is scored such that higher scores reflect poorer performance. For all other neuropsychological tests, higher scores indicate better performance.
c
NAART was not administered to three participants in the Independent group.