Table 1.
Determination of temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes for RNA viruses.
| Classification | Species | ts strains | Location of ts mutation | Restrictive Temp for ts (Permissive) | Cell type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Bunyaviridae | ||||||
| Genus Phlebovirus | RVFV | MP-12 | M- and L-segments | 41°C (35°C) | Vero | Rossi and Turell (1988) |
| T1 | Unknown | 41°C (35°C) | Vero | Rossi and Turell (1988) | ||
| UUKV | S23 ts6, 7, 8, 11, 12 | Unknown | 39°C (33°C) | CEF | Gahmberg (1984) | |
| Genus Orthobunyavirus | MAGV | MAG ts8 | M-segment | 38°C (33°C) | BHK-21 | Pollitt et al. (2006) |
| LACV | RFC/25B.5 | Unknown | 39.8°C (37°C) | BHK-21 | Endres et al. (1990) | |
| BUNV | rBUNdelNSs with N mutation | N protein | 38°C (33°C) | VeroE6 | Eifan and Elliott (2009) | |
| SSHV | ts1, 2, 3 | Unknown | 39.5°C (33°C) | BHK-21 | Gentsch and Bishop (1976) | |
| AKV | OBE-1 strain mutants | M- and/or L-segments | 40°C (33°C) | HmLu-1 | Ogawa et al. (2007) | |
| Family Paramixoviridae | ||||||
| Genus Pneumovirus | RSV | rA2 cpts 248/404 | M2 and L | 37°C (32°C) | Hep-2 | Whitehead et al. (1998) |
| rA2 cpts 248/404/1030 | M2 and L | 36°C (32°C) | Hep-2 | Whitehead et al. (1998) | ||
| Genus Respirovirus | HPIV3 | rHPIV3 JS cp45 | L | 38°C (32°C) | LLC-MK2 | Skiadopoulos et al. (1998) |
| HPIV1 | rHPIV1 L:F456L | L | 38°C (32°C) | LLC-MK2 | Newman et al. (2004) | |
| BPIV3 | rBPIV L:I1103V | L | 40°C (37°C) | Vero | Haller et al. (2001) | |
| Family Orthomyxoviridae | ||||||
| Genus Influenza virus A | Flu A | MDV-A | NP, PB1, PB2 | 39°C (33°C) | MDCK | Jin et al. (2003) |
| Genus Influenza virus B | Flu B | MDV-B | M1, NP, PA | 37°C (33°C) | MDCK or PCK | Hoffmann et al. (2005) |
| Family Rhabdoviridae | ||||||
| Genus Vesiculovirus | VSV | Indiana ts11, 13, 114, 22, 33, 41, 45 | L (ts114) | 38.5°C (31°C) | L | Rettenmier et al. (1975) |
| Family Picornaviridae | ||||||
| Genus Enterovirus | PV | Sabin Type3 | VP3 | 40°C (35°C) | Hep-2c | Minor et al. (1989) |
| Sabin Type2 | 5′-UTR | 39.9°C (35°C) | Hep-2c | Macadam et al. (1991) | ||
| 5′-UTR | 38.4°C (35°C) | BGM | ||||
| 5′-UTR | 38.3°C (35°C) | Vero F | ||||
| Sabin Type1 | VP1, VP3, VP4, 3Dpol, 3′-UTR | 40°C (37°C) | HeLa S3 | Bouchard et al. (1995) | ||
| EV A | EV71 (BrCr-ts) | VP1 | 39°C (36°C) | Vero | Arita et al. (2005) | |
| Family Flaviviridae | ||||||
| Genus Flavivirus | DENV | rDEN4 NS5 E645A-K646A | NS5 | 39°C (35°C) | Vero | Hanley et al. (2002) |
| Not ts | HuH-7 | |||||
| WNV | rWNV NS4B C102S | NS4B | 41°C (37°C) | Vero | Wicker et al. (2006) | |
| JEV | M1/311 ts104 | Unknown | 39°C (35°C) | CF | Halle and Zebovitz (1977) | |
| LGV | E5-104 | NS3, E | 37°C (32°C) | Vero | Rumyantsev et al. (2006) | |
RVFV, Rift Valley fever virus; UUKV, Uukuniemi virus; MAGV, Maguari virus; LACV, La Crosse virus; BUNV, Bunyamwera virus; SSHV, Snowshow hare virus; AKV, Akabane virus; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; HPIV, Human parainfluenza virus; VSV, Vesicular stomatitis virus; PV, Poliovirus; EV, Enterovirus; DENV, Dengue virus; WNV, West Nile virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; LGV, Langat virus.