Figure 3.

Severe RanGAP Knockdown Mutant rg1-1/rg1-1 rg2-2/rg2-3 (TWEED) Shows Prominent Developmental Phenotypes.

(A) TWEED rosettes (21 d old) are drastically smaller than those of SILK (right bottom) or Col-0 plants (left bottom).

(B) Developing 30-d-old TWEED plants are smaller, shorter, and thinner than Col-0. Multiple rosettes and shoots are common in the mutant line.

(C) Mature TWEED plants (60 d old) grow almost to the height of Col-0 but develop slower and have smaller rosettes.

(D) Representative TWEED phenotypes at several developmental stages. (a) An example of the rosette duplication phenotype in a 3-week-old sibling of the plant highlighted in (b to d). At 24 d of age (b), the plant exhibits abnormal phyllotaxy and leaf fusion (arrowheads). At 30 d of age (c), leaf fusion (arrowhead), as well as stem fasciation and bending (arrow), are present. At 41 d of age (d), the plant shows a lack of apical dominance, slumped appearance, stem fasciation (white arrow), aborted flowers (white arrowhead), and abnormal leaf morphology (black arrowhead).

(E) A 70% decrease in silique length is visible in TWEED (bottom) when compared with Col-0 (top). Mean values and se are shown in the graph (n = 60, Student’s t test *P < 0.0001).