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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2013 Nov-Dec;42(6):641–654. doi: 10.1111/1552-6909.12255

Table 3.

Comparison of Control, Auditory-Tactile-Visual-Vestibular (ATVV) Intervention, and Kangaroo Care Mothers on the Helpfulness Survey Items in the two Sub-Scales at Discharge and 2 Months

Subscale/Item Age Control ATVV Kangaroo Care Comparison
Mean(SD) Mean(SD) Mean(SD) F df p
1. Learn new ways to care for baby DC 3.2(1.0) 3.5(0.8) 3.4(0.9) 2.18 2,188 .12
2 M 3.4(0.8) 3.5(0.7) 3.4(0.8) 0.48 2,185 .62
2. New way care for baby after hospital 2 M 3.3(0.9) 3.4(0.7) 3.3(0.9) 0.29 2,184 .75
3. Feel like a mother in hospital DC 3.0(1.0) 3.2(0.9) 3.3(1.0) 2.02 2,188 .11
2 M 2.8(1.1) 3.2(0.9) 3.1(1.1) 3.12 2,183 < .05
4. Feel like a mother at home 2 M 3.5(0.9) 3.5(0.7) 3.5(0.9) 0.00 2,184 .99
5. Feel less upset in hospital DC 2.8(1.1) 2.9(0.9) 3.0(1.1) 0.58 2,186 .56
2 M 2.8(1.1) 2.9(1.0) 2.8(1.1) 0.16 2,183 .85
6. Feel better about self as mother DC 3.5(0.8) 3.4(0.7) 3.6(0.8) 0.76 2,188 .47
2 M 3.5(0.9) 3.5(0.8) 3.4(0.9) 0.31 2,185 .73
7. Learn new things about baby DC 3.3(1.0) 3.6(0.7) 3.5(0.8) 2.02 2,188 .14
2 M 3.5(0.9) 3.8(0.4) 3.5(0.7) 2.00 2,185 .14
8. Learn new ways to stimulate baby DC 3.1(1.0) 3.8(0.5) 3.4(0.9) 9.42 2,188 < .001
2 M 3.4(0.9) 3.8(0.4) 3.5(0.8) 5.66 2,185 < .01
9. Feel baby knew he was loved DC 3.5(0.9) 3.6(0.7) 3.7(0.7) 1.00 2,188 .37
2 M 3.8(0.7) 3.7(0.6) 3.7(0.8) 0.32 2,184 .73
10. Feel everything done to help baby DC 3.6(0.8) 3.6(0.7) 3.8(0.7) 0.74 2,187 .48
2 M 3.7(0.7) 3.6(0.7) 3.6(0.8) 0.53 2,184 .59
11. Feel I was helping baby DC 3.5(0.7) 3.5(0.7) 3.7(0.6) 3.15 2,186 < .05
2 M 3.6(0.8) 3.5(0.8) 3.7(0.7) 0.21 2,184 .81
12. Understood info. about baby needs DC 3.4(0.9) 3.3(0.9) 3.6(0.8) 2.09 2,185 .13
2 M 3.6(0.8) 3.4(0.7) 3.4(0.8) 1.24 2,184 .29
13. Study nurse cared about you DC 4.6(0.7) 4.6(0.8) 4.6(0.9) 0.17 2,188 .85
2 M 4.6(0.7) 4.7(0.7) 4.7(0.6) 0.21 2,184 .81
14. Feel welcome to call nurse DC 4.7(0.7) 4.5(0.8) 4.7(0.8) 0.77 2,188 .46
2 M 4.6(0.8) 4.7(0.7) 4.6(1.0) 0.18 2,184 .84
15. Feel nurse explained things DC 4.8(0.6) 4.7(0.7) 4.7(0.8) 0.16 2,188 .85
2 M 4.9(0.4) 4.8(0.6) 4.8(0.7) 0.34 2,184 .71
16. Feel nurse listened carefully DC 4.8(0.5) 4.8(0.6) 4.8(0.7) 0.21 2,188 .81
2 M 4.9(0.5) 4.8(0.6) 4.8(0.5) 0.17 2,184 .84
17. Feel nurse knew enough DC 4.6(0.7) 4.7(0.7) 4.6(0.9) 0.08 2,188 .93
2 M 4.8(0.6) 4.7(0.6) 4.6(0.8) 0.73 2,185 .48
18. Feel nurse knew guidance needed DC 4.4(1.0) 4.5(0.9) 4.3(1.1) 0.21 2,188 .82
2 M 4.2(1.1) 4.4(0.9) 4.3(1.1) 0.30 2,185 .74
19. Feel nurse as helpful as should DC 4.7(0.6) 4.7(0.7) 4.6(0.8) 0.44 2,188 .65
2 M 4.6(0.8) 4.8(0.6) 4.7(0.8) 0.57 2,185 .57
20. Feel intervention helped baby DC 4.3(1.1) 4.4(0.9) 4.5(1.0) 0.41 2,187 .66
2 M 4.3(1.0) 4.5(0.8) 4.4(1.0) 0.92 2,185 .40
21. Feel nurse easy to contact DC 4.8(0.6) 4.7(0.8) 4.7(0.7) 0.45 2,188 .64
2 M 4.7(0.7) 4.7(0.7) 4.6(1.0) 0.35 2,184 .70
22. Feel nurse was available DC 4.6(0.9) 4.5(1.0) 4.6(1.0) 0.25 2,188 .78
2 M 4.6(0.7) 4.7(0.8) 4.6(0.9) 0.06 2,184 .94
23. Feel nurse spent enough time DC 4.4(1.1) 4.4(1.1) 4.4(1.0) 0.04 2,188 .96
2 M 4.5(1.0) 4.7(0.8) 4.7(0.8) 1.59 2,183 .21

Note: Groups were compared on items using general linear models. Items were shortened for this table. Items 1–12 were in the Intervention Satisfaction subscale and Items 13–23 were in the Nurse Helpfulness subscale. Items were scored on a 5-point scale with 5 being the best rating. DC = discharge; 2 M = 2 months; info. = information.