Table 3.
Effect of the dietary interventions in the first period on stool biochemistry (Mean values with their standard errors; percentages)
| HRM group (n 10) | HRM+HAMSB group (n 13) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Baseline | Week 4 | ||||||||||
| Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Increment | Change (%) | Mean | sem | Mean | sem | Increment | Change (%) | P † | |
| Faecal output (g/48 h) | 266·4 | 42 | 264·7 | 46·7 | –1·7 | –0·6 | 226·8 | 50·1 | 293·6 | 36 | 66·8 | 22·8 | 0·61 |
| Faecal pH | 7·1 | 0·1 | 7·2 | 0·1 | 0·1 | 1·4 | 7·2 | 0·1 | 7·2 | 0·1 | 0 | 0 | 0·63 |
| SCFA levels (mmol/48 h) | |||||||||||||
| Total | 25·8 | 6·4 | 26·7 | 6·5 | 0·9 | 3·4 | 19·3 | 5·1 | 26·3* | 4·1 | 7 | 26·6 | 0·48 |
| Acetate | 15·2 | 3·9 | 15·7 | 3·7 | 0·5 | 3·2 | 10·3 | 2·6 | 14·4* | 2·3 | 4·1 | 28·5 | 0·61 |
| Propionate | 4·4 | 1·1 | 4·4 | 1·1 | 0 | 0 | 3·7 | 1·1 | 5·2* | 0·9 | 1·5 | 28·8 | 0·27 |
| Butyrate | 4·3 | 1·1 | 4·3 | 1·1 | 0 | 0 | 3·6 | 1·2 | 4·7* | 1 | 1·1 | 23·4 | 0·28 |
| SCFA concentration (μmol/g) | |||||||||||||
| Total | 86·5 | 10·1 | 91·6 | 10·2 | 5·1 | 5·6 | 73·2 | 8·3 | 89·3* | 7·7 | 16·1 | 18 | 0·53 |
| Acetate | 50·8 | 6·2 | 54 | 5·4 | 3·2 | 5·9 | 39·7 | 4·2 | 48·9* | 4·5 | 9·2 | 18·8 | 0·81 |
| Propionate | 14·4 | 2 | 14·9 | 2·2 | 0·5 | 3·4 | 13 | 1·6 | 16·9* | 1·5 | 3·9 | 23·1 | 0·13 |
| Butyrate | 14·1 | 2 | 14·7 | 2·3 | 0·6 | 4·1 | 12·9 | 2·4 | 16·1 | 2·5 | 3·2 | 19·9 | 0·26 |
| BCFA (μmol/g) | 7·2 | 0·8 | 8·2 | 0·9 | 1 | 12·2 | 7·6 | 0·9 | 7·3 | 0·7 | –0·3 | –4·1 | 0·33 |
| Phenol (μg/g) | 1·2 | 0·3 | 0·7 | 0·1 | –0·5 | –71·4 | 1·3 | 0·4 | 1·6 | 1 | 0·3 | 18·8 | 0·63 |
| p-Cresol (μg/g) | 65·9 | 11·7 | 68·8 | 9·8 | 2·9 | 4·2 | 78·1 | 8·1 | 51·6** | 10·1 | –26·5 | –51·4 | 0·02‡ |
| NH3 (μmol/g) | 20·4 | 2 | 16·1 | 1·5 | –4·3 | –26·7 | 17 | 1·6 | 15·5 | 1 | –1·5 | –9·7 | 0·93 |
| NOC (ng/ml) | 516 | 112 | 406·5 | 72 | –109·5 | –26·9 | 481·9 | 126·4 | 388·1 | 51·7 | –93·8 | –24·2 | 0·96 |
HRM, high red meat; HAMSB, butyrylated high-amylose maize starch; BCFA, branched-chain fatty acids; NOC, N-nitroso compounds.
Mean value was significantly different from that at baseline: * P< 0·05, ** P< 0·01, *** P< 0·001 (linear mixed-effects model).
†
P value was obtained for treatment difference at week 4 (linear mixed-effects model).
‡
P< 0·05.