Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of the CardioBBEAT study participants
| Characteristic | All patients n = 621 | Usual care n = 319 (51 %) | Monitoring n = 302 (49 %) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic profile | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| mean ± SD | 63.0 ± 11.5 | 63.5 ± 11.4 | 62.5 ± 11.6 | 0.303 |
| median (IQR) | 65 (55–72) | 65 (55–73) | 64 (54–72) | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 544 (88) | 280 (88) | 264 (87) | 0.990 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 159 (26) | 77 (24) | 82 (27) | 0.442 |
| Education (years) – number of patients (% valid) | 607 (98) | 311 (98) | 296 (98) | |
| mean ± SD | 12 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 0.803 |
| median (IQR) | 11 (10–13) | 11 (10–13) | 12 (10–13) | |
| Causes of heart failure, n (%) | 0.797 | |||
| Ischemic CM | 363 (59) | 185 (58) | 178 (59) | |
| Non-ischemic CM | 258 (42) | 134 (42) | 124 (41) | |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 0.086 | |||
| II | 430 (69) | 209 (66) | 221 (73) | |
| III | 186 (30) | 108 (34) | 78 (26) | |
| IV | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | |
| NYHA class III–IV, n (%) | 191 (31) | 110 (35) | 81 (27) | 0.048 |
| Peripheral edema, n (%) | 131 (21) | 83 (26) | 48 (16) | 0.003 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Stroke/TIA | 41 (7) | 21 (7) | 20 (7) | 1.000 |
| PAD | 56 (9) | 24 (8) | 32 (11) | 0.232 |
| COPD | 87 (14) | 48 (15) | 39 (13) | 0.516 |
| Sleep apnea | 45 (7) | 25 (8) | 20 (7) | 0.668 |
| Renal dysfunction (GFR ≤ 60 ml/min) | 148 (24) | 87 (27) | 61 (20) | 0.048 |
| Depression | 51 (8) | 24 (8) | 27 (9) | 0.619 |
| Resuscitation | 81 (13) | 37 (12) | 44 (15) | 0.327 |
| Risk factor profile | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) – number of patients (% valid) | 619 (100) | 318 (100) | 301 (100) | |
| mean ± SD | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 0.529 |
| median (IQR) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–32) | 27 (25–31) | |
| History of smoking – number/total number (%) | 435/620 (70) | 221/319 (69) | 214/301 (71) | 0.684 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 219 (35) | 103 (32) | 116 (38) | 0.131 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 533 (86) | 269 (84) | 264 (87) | 0.323 |
BMI body mass index, CM cardiomyopathy, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, IQR interquartile range, NYHA New York Heart Association, classification of heart failure, PAD peripheral arterial disease, TIA transient ischemic attack