Table 2.

Characteristics, diagnostic results and outcome in suspected cases of commensal oropharyngeal flora caused ventilator-associated pneumonia

Case	Sex	Admission indication	BAL fluid analysis			Endotracheal aspirate Semiquantitatively	Antibiotic treatment (days [0 = diagnose])	Additional characteristics	Diagnosis	ICU LOS
	Age		% ICOs	culture results in cfu/ml	MALDI-TOF-MS and re-culturing (cfu/ml)
			% PMN
1	M	Respiratory failure	0.0	COF 6*104	No growth	COF few	Co-trimoxazole −7-27	Some COF possibly resistant to antibiotics	COF-VAP	92a
	60		11.6				Piperacillin −7-27
2	F	Abdominal sepsis	0.0	COF 5*104	Specimen storage lacking	P. aeruginosa heavy	Piper/tazob −4-11	Tracheostomy	COF-VAP or	31
	77		87.2	P. aeruginosa 2*103, sensitive to piper/tazob		C. albicans few			P. aeruginosa VAP
3	F	Abdominal sepsis	8.2	COF 2*105	R. dentocariosa 2*102	S. aureus heavy	Piper/tazob 0-2	Nocturnal CPAP for OSAS	COF-VAP	60
	57		85.6		S. oralis 7*102		Vancomycin 2-9
					S. aureus 6*102
4	F	Post cardiac arrest	10.8	COF 105	S. constellatus 106	S. milleri heavy	Piper/tazob 0-3	Possible aspiration	COF-VAP	33
	67		34.6	S. milleri 105	S. epidermidus 3*103		Penicillin 3-8
5	M	Multi-trauma	2.5	COF 4*104	S. mitis/oralis 5*103	No growth	Amoxi/clav acid 1-8	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	COF-VAP	16
	47		91.5		N. mucosa 103
					C. sputigena 5*102
6	M	Neurological	4.8	COF 105	S. mitis/oralis 5*103	Citrobacter spp. few	Piper/tazob 0-6		COF-VAP	15
	23		68.2	S. aureus 103	S. aureus 2*103
				E. cloacae 103	S. anginosus 103
7	M	Multi-trauma	8.8	P. melaninogenetica 105	Specimen storage lacking	COF few	Metronidazole 1-7	P. melaninogenetica not susceptible to Metronidazole	COF-VAP	9
	39		90.8
8	M	Pneumococcal pneumonia	2.0	COF 105	Specimen storage lacking	P. aeruginosa moderate	Ciprofloxacin 0-13	Tracheostomy. Pulmonary rehabilitation clinic.	COF-VAP	134
	64		21.2	P. aeruginosa 2*102
9	M	Respiratory failure	1.4	COF 3*104	Specimen storage lacking	COF few	Gentamicin 0	Tracheostomy	COF-VAP	47a
	67		23.6				Ciprofloxacin −5-8	Post-mortem exam: severe chronic fibrotic inflammation and active pneumonia
							Metronidazole −5-8
							Vancomycin −5-8
10	M	Respiratory failure	0.2	COF 105	No growth	C. albicans rare	Ciprofloxacin −14-0	Lobectomy for aspergilloma. Imposible to wean from MV.	COF-VAP	70a
	62		99.6	C. albicans 105			Piper/tazob −2-3
							Fluconazole 3-17
11	M	Cerebral hemorrhage	16	COF 104	L. acidophilus 102	H. influenza few	Piper/tazob 0-2		COF-VAP	11
	31		95.4	P. melaninogenetica 2*102			Amoxi/clav acid 2-8
12	M	Sepsis	0.0	COF >105	M. morganii 2*103	M. morganii moderate	Flucloxacilline −22- -3		COF-VAP	42a
	80		15.4		S. malthophilia 5*102	C. albicans moderate	Rifampicine −17- -10
						K. pneumonia few	Piper/tazob −3 -10
							Co-trimoxazole 3-10
13	M	Post cardiothoracic surgery	19.6	COF 3*104	S. anginosis 103	COF moderate	Piper/tazob 0-8
		COF-VAP	63a
	71		56.2		S. constellatus 103	C. freundii moderate
					N. mucosa 102
14	M	Multi-trauma	3.4	COF 105	E. faecalis 6*102	COF heavy	Piper/tazob 0-1	Tracheostomy	COF-VAP	62
	41		44.4	P. aeruginosa 7*103	S. mitis/oralis 5*102	P. aeruginosa heavy	Amoxi/clav acid 1-7
15	M	Respiratory failure	NP	COF 104	E. faecalis 2*104	COF few	Co-trimoxazole −25 -13	Aids. ADV ct 17. CMV ct 37. P. jirovecii +. CT-thorax suggestive for PcP. Post-mortem exam: active pneumonia, possibly PcP, ADV and CMV.	PcP CAP, ADV CAP, and/or E.faecalis VAP	44a
	40		NP		S. hominis 2*102		Piper/tazob 0-7
							Vancomycin 0-8
16	F	Respiratory failure	0.0	COF 105	No growth	COF few	Piper/tazob −14- -4	Ileus. Post-mortem exam: faecal peritonitis. No pneumonia. Culture -	Abdominal sepsis	4a
	55		78.0	C. glabrata 4*102		C. albicans	Ciprofloxacin −3-1
				C. albicans 2*102			Vancomycin −2-2
17	F	Post abdominal surgery	0.0	COF 3*104	Specimen storage lacking	COF few	Missing data		COF-VAP	13
	70		68.0
18	M	Post neurological surgery	1.6	COF 2*104	S. aureus 3*103	S. aureus heavy	Piper/tazob ?-0		COF-VAP or S. aureus VAP	17
	58		94.4	S. aureus 3*103, sensitive to piper/tazob			Flucloxacillin 0-10
							Gentamicin 3-5
19	M	Post-cardiothoracic surgery	0.0	COF 5*104	Specimen storage lacking	COF few	Piper/tazob −8 - -1	Tracheostomy	COF-VAP	81
	73		2.8			K. pneumoniae	Meropenem −1-7
20	M	Multi-trauma	19.4	COF 104	H. influenza 106	H. influenza heavy	Amoxi/clav acid −5- -4	Possible aspiration	H. influenza CAP	62
	49		95.0		E. coli 4*103	OF few	Piper/tazob 0-5
					N. subflava 4*103	S. aureus few	Gentamicin 4
21	F	Post cardiac arrest	0.0	COF 104	E. faecium 5*103	COF heavy	Piper/tazob 0-3	B- cel CLL. PIV-3 ct 19.	PIV-3 CAP or E. faecium VAP	22a
	45		1.0		E. faecalis 9*102		Vancomycin 0-3	Post-mortem exam: active pneumonia. Cultures: CNS, E. faecium and Candida spp.
					S. epidermidis 6*102		Meropenem 2-3
22	F	Cerebral hemorrhage	7.4	COF 104	C. koseri 106	COF heavy	Vancomycin 0-2	C. koseri resistant to vancomycin. Possible aspiration.	C. koseri VAP	3a
	58		85.6	C. glabrata 103
23	M	Respiratory failure	NP	COF 104	S. mitis/oralis 104	COF few	Amoxi/clav acid −18- -2	Admitted with bilateral pneumonia. M. pneumoniae on day 7 (ct 23. IgG +)	M. pneumoniae CAP	11
	25		NP		S. haemolyticus 103		Ciprofloxacin −8- -2
					N. subflava 6*102		Azitromycin 0-4

^adeceased