Table 3.

Radiologic findings in patients with lupus cystitis presented with gastrointestinal manifestations

Patient (reference)	Abdominal plain radiograph	Small bowel follow-through or barium enema	Abdominal ultrasound		Abdomen CT
			initial	follow-up	findings	sites of thickened bowel wall	follow-up
3	NS†	Barium enema: thumbprinting	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
4	NS	small bowel study: thickened mucosal folds	NS	NS	NS	NS†	NS
10	NS	small bowel study: thickened bowel wall	BT	NS	BT	NS	NS
14	NS	NS	NS	NS	ascites, BoT, BT	NS	reversed BoT, BT
15	NS	NS	NS	NS	ascites, HUN, BoT, BT	NS	disappeared abnormal findings
18	NS	NS	NS	NS	ascites, HUN, Target sign, BT	J‡, I§, colon	disappeared abnormal findings
19	ileus	NS	NS	NS	ascites, HUN, BoT, BT	NS	improved abnormal finding
patient 1	ileus	ND†	ascites, HUN†	not performed	ascites, HUN, Target sign, BoT, CT-comb sign, BT	D†, J, I, AC†	ND
patient 2	ileus, ascites	small bowel study: thumbprinting	HUN	disappeared abnormal findings	ascites, HUN, Target sign, BoT, CT-comb sign, BT	D, J, I, AC, TC‡, DC※, RS⋇	ND
patient 3	ileus, ascites	ND	acites, HUN, BoT‡	not performed	ascites, HUN, BoT	D, J, I	disappeared abnormal findings
patient 4	ileus	ND	ascites, HUN	disappeared abnormal findings	ascites, HUN, Target sign, BoT, BT	I, AC	disappeared abnormal findings
patient 5	ileus, ascites	ND	ascites, HUN, BT	no change	ascites, HUN, BT		little change

^†NS: not stated,

^‡ND: not done,

^†BT: bladder wall thickening,

^‡HUN: both hydroureteronephrosis,

^‡BoT: bowel wall thickening,

^‡J: jejunum,

^§I: ileum,

^†D: duodenum,

^†AC: ascending colon,

^‡TC: transverse colon,

^※DC: descending colon,

^⋇RS: rectosigmoid colon