Table 3.
Estimated aORsa for a 1-year Increase in Maternal Age, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 to 2007
| Birth Defect | Cases (Total No.) | aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Anencephaly and craniorachischisis | 377 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Spina bifida | 821 | 199 (0.98–1.01) |
| Hydrocephaly | 318 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Encephalocele | 142 | 1.00 (0.99–1.03) |
| Holoprosencephaly | 100 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
| Dandy-Walker malformation | 105 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Anophthalmos/microphthalmos | 151 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) |
| Cataracts and other lens defects | 232 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| Glaucoma and anterior segment defects | 117 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |
| Anotia/microtia | 404 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Conotruncal defects | 1651 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
| D-Transposition of the great arteries | 526 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Double outlet right ventricular with transposition of the great arteries | 101 | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 750 | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) |
| Single ventricle/complex heart | 218 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) |
| Ventricular septal defects, muscular | 167 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| Ventricular septal defects, perimembranous | 1293 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) |
| Ventricular septal defects, conoventricular | 101 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) |
| Atrial septal defect secundum | 1493 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
| Atrial septal defect, not otherwise specified | 468 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) |
| Ebstein malformation | 112 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction | 1258 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) |
| Pulmonary valve stenosis | 923 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) |
| Pulmonary atresia | 159 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) |
| Tricuspid atresia | 106 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) |
| Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction | 1359 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
| Coarctarion of the aorta | 710 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) |
| Aortic stenosis | 305 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 409 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Total anomalous pulmonary venous return | 190 | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) |
| Heterotaxia with CHD | 222 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Association: coarctarion + ventricular septal defect | 191 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| Association: ventricular septal defects + atrial septal defects | 519 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) |
| Association: pulmonary valve stenosis + ventricular septal defect | 105 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| Association: pulmonary valve stenosis + atrial septal defect | 137 | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) |
| Cleft lip ± palate | 1997 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Cleft palate | 1069 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) |
| Esophageal atresia | 437 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) |
| Anorectal atresia/stenosis | 661 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) |
| Intestinal atresia/stenosis | 300 | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) |
| Duodenal atresia/stenosis | 142 | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) |
| Biliary atresia | 120 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Hypospadias | 1466 | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) |
| Renal agenesis/hypoplasia | 106 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) |
| Limb deficiency | 774 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
| Longitudinal preaxial limb deficiency | 176 | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Limb deficiency, transverse | 459 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Omphalocele | 288 | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) |
| Gastroschisis | 899 | 0.81 (0.80–0.83) |
| Amniotic band syndrome and limb body wall complex | 219 | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) |
| Craniosynostosis | 966 | 1.04 (1.02–1.04) |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | 559 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) |
a
Adjusted for race/ethnicity, body mass index, folic acid use, gravidity, education, smoking, parental age difference; mothers with missing covariate data are excluded from these analyses.
aORs, adjusted odds ratios; CIs, confidence intervals; CHD, coronary heart disease.
The numbers in boldface represent a statistically significant association.