TABLE 1.
Bivariate and multivariable analyses of characteristics of study participants and their association with total SSB intake during the past 7 d among US high school students (NYPANS, 2010)1,2
| Characteristics | All | Bivariate analysis Total SSB intake
|
Multivariable logistic regression analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 time/d | 1 to <3 times/d | ≥3 times/d | Total SSB intake ≥3 times/d3 | ||||
| n | Weighted %4 ± SE | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Total sample | 11,029 | 100 | 35.1 ± 1.3 | 42.7 ± 1.0 | 22.2 ± 1.4 | ||
| Age, y | 10,956 | ||||||
| ≤15 | 35.5 ± 0.7 | 36.3 ± 1.8 | 42.5 ± 1.5 | 21.3 ± 1.4 | Reference | ||
| 16 | 26.3 ± 0.5 | 35.1 ± 1.6 | 42.0 ± 1.8 | 22.9 ± 1.5 | 1.05 | 0.85, 1.29 | |
| ≥17 | 38.2 ± 0.7 | 34.1 ± 1.6 | 43.1 ± 1.1 | 22.7 ± 1.9 | 0.95 | 0.79, 1.15 | |
| Sex | 10,976 | ||||||
| Female | 49.6 ± 0.8 | 42.9 ± 1.7* | 39.0 ± 1.0* | 18.1 ± 1.4* | Reference | ||
| Male | 50.4 ± 0.8 | 27.4 ± 1.1* | 46.2 ± 1.3* | 26.4 ± 1.7* | 1.66 | 1.41, 1.95 | |
| Race/ethnicity | 10,817 | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 58.4 ± 3.1 | 36.5 ± 1.8* | 43.9 ± 1.5* | 19.6 ± 1.7* | Reference | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 14.5 ± 1.7 | 25.7 ± 1.6* | 37.3 ± 1.4* | 37.0 ± 1.5* | 1.87 | 1.52, 2.29 | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 18.6 ± 2.2 | 35.3 ± 1.3* | 43.1 ± 1.4* | 21.7 ± 1.4* | 1.03 | 0.82, 1.29 | |
| Other/multi-racial, non-Hispanic | 8.5 ± 0.8 | 40.7 ± 2.7* | 42.8 ± 3.1* | 16.4 ± 2.4* | 0.67 | 0.47, 0.95 | |
| Weight status5 | 9692 | ||||||
| Underweight/normal weight | 63.2 ± 1.2 | 35.2 ± 1.5 | 42.5 ± 1.1 | 22.3 ± 1.6 | Reference | ||
| Overweight | 17.8 ± 0.5 | 34.6 ± 1.9 | 43.1 ± 2.2 | 22.3 ± 2.1 | 1.04 | 0.82, 1.32 | |
| Obese | 19.0 ± 0.9 | 35.8 ± 1.7 | 42.3 ± 1.6 | 21.9 ± 2.0 | 1.04 | 0.84, 1.30 | |
| Beverage vending machine that dispenses SSB in school6 | 10,647 | ||||||
| Yes | 71.8 ± 2.3 | 35.1 ± 1.3 | 43.4 ± 1.4 | 21.5 ± 1.6 | 0.94 | 0.76, 1.17 | |
| No/not sure | 28.2 ± 2.3 | 35.1 ± 2.0 | 41.3 ± 1.2 | 23.6 ± 1.6 | Reference | ||
| Eat at fast-food restaurants | 10,699 | ||||||
| 0 d/wk | 25.2 ± 1.6 | 53.8 ± 2.1* | 32.7 ± 1.7* | 13.5 ± 1.3* | Reference | ||
| 1–2 d/wk | 44.0 ± 1.2 | 35.8 ± 1.3* | 46.2 ± 1.3* | 18.0 ± 1.4* | 1.25 | 1.05, 1.50 | |
| ≥3 d/wk | 30.8 ± 1.3 | 18.7 ± 1.0* | 46.3 ± 1.6* | 35.0 ± 2.2* | 2.94 | 2.31, 3.75 | |
| Physically active ≥60 min/d during previous 7 d | 10,919 | ||||||
| <5 d/wk | 52.1 ± 1.1 | 38.8 ± 1.4* | 40.6 ± 1.1* | 20.6 ± 1.5* | 0.85 | 0.76, 0.95 | |
| ≥5 d/wk | 47.9 ± 1.1 | 31.0 ± 1.4* | 44.9 ± 1.2* | 24.1 ± 1.5* | Reference | ||
| Television watching on average school day | 10,984 | ||||||
| ≤2 h/d | 72.0 ± 1.3 | 37.2 ± 1.7* | 44.0 ± 1.2* | 18.7 ± 1.5* | Reference | ||
| >2 h/d | 28.0 ± 1.3 | 29.8 ± 1.3* | 39.2 ± 1.2* | 31.0 ± 1.4* | 1.7 | 1.44, 2.01 | |
NYPANS, National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages.
χ2 tests were used for each variable to examine differences across categories, P < 0.05.
Total SSB includes regular soda, fruit-flavored drinks, flavored milk, sweetened tea or coffee drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks.
The multivariable logistic regression model included a sample of 9149 students without missing data. Reference category included students who drank <3 times/d.
Because of rounding, weighted percentages may not add up to 100%.
Measured weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Underweight/normal weight was defined as BMI <85th percentile; overweight was defined as BMI ≥85th to <95th percentile; and obese was defined as BMI ≥95th percentile, based on reference data.
Beverage vending machine that dispenses soda or pop, sports drinks, or fruit-flavored drinks that are not 100% juice, such as Coke, Gatorade, or Sunny Delight.