Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2014 Aug 26;28(5):424–433. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12140

Table 2.

Prior odds ratios (95% credible intervals) used in the outcome modelsa

Anencephaly Perimembranous
VSD		 Cleft lip ± cleft
palate1,2 		Esophageal
atresia3,4 		Hypospadias5,6 Diaphragmatic
hernia3,7 		Gastroschisis8
Reported cannabis use in periconceptional period
 No 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 Yes 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0]
Maternal age at delivery9,10
 <25 years 1.5 [1.0, 2.3] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 3.5 [1.4, 9.0]
 25–34 years 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 ≥35 years 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.6 [1.0, 2.6] 1.5 [1.0, 2.3] 1.3 [0.7, 2.4] 0.4 [0.2, 0.8]
Race or ethnicity11-13
 NH white 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 NH black 0.9 [0.6, 1.4] 0.9 [0.4, 2.0] 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] 0.7 [0.5, 1.0] 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] 0.6 [0.3, 1.2]
 Hispanic 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] 0.6 [0.4, 1.0] 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0]
 Other 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0]
Level of education
 ≤12 years 1.3 [0.9, 1.9] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.3 [0.7, 2.4]
 >12 years 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
Cigarette smoking in periconceptional period15
 No 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 Yes 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.2 [0.7, 2.1] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.6 [1.0, 2.6]
Binge drinking in periconceptional period15
 No 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 Yes 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.2, 5.0]
Prepregnancy BMI16,17
 <30 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 ≥30 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] 1.2 [0.9, 1.6] 1.1 [0.7, 1.7] 1.3 [0.9, 1.9] 0.2 [0.1, 0.4]
Periconceptional folic acid use18
 No 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference] 1.0 [Reference]
 Yes 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] 1.0 [0.5, 2.0]
a

The key studies (see Appendix S1 for complete reference) that were used to help inform prior knowledge are indicated in superscript.

VSD, ventricular septal defect.