Table 2.
Cox Proportional Hazards model of all-cause mortality for patients with PTC tumors (1998–2006)
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | 1.0–2.0 cm | 2.1–4.0 cm | 1.0–4.0 cm |
| Patient age, per 10 years | 2.26 (2.16–2.36)* | 2.33 (2.23–2.43)* | 2.29 (2.22–2.36)* |
| Female gender | 0.68 (0.60–0.78)* | 0.68 (0.60–0.77)* | 0.68 (0.62–0.75)* |
| Race | |||
| White (Reference) | - | - | - |
| Black | 1.50 (1.20–1.89)* | 1.32 (1.06–1.66)* | 1.39 (1.19–1.63)* |
| Asian | 0.82 (0.59–1.15) | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | 0.83 (0.67–1.04) |
| Other | 0.61 (0.25–1.48) | 1.01 (0.58–1.74) | 0.86 (0.54–1.38) |
| Annual household income | |||
| <$35,000 (Reference) | - | - | - |
| ≥$35,000 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89)* | 0.71 (0.63–0.81)* | 0.75 (0.68–0.82)* |
| Insurance status | |||
| Uninsured (Reference) | - | - | - |
| Insured | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.88 (0.57–1.36) | 0.86 (0.64–1.17) |
| Clinical factors | |||
| Charlson/Deyo score | |||
| 0 (Reference) | - | - | - |
| 1 | 1.69 (1.36–2.10)* | 1.57 (1.25–1.96)* | 1.64 (1.40–1.91)* |
| ≥2 | 4.16 (3.07–5.64)* | 3.40 (2.40–4.81)* | 3.83 (3.05–4.81)* |
| Tumor characteristics | |||
| Tumor size, per 0.1 cm | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03)* | 1.02 (1.01–1.02)* |
| Extrathyroidal extension | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 1.10 (0.89–1.36) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) |
| Multifocality | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) |
| Nodal metastasis | 1.64 (1.36–1.98)* | 2.02 (1.67–2.45)* | 1.83 (1.61–2.10)* |
| Distant metastasis | 3.16 (2.30–4.35)* | 3.23 (2.51–4.15)* | 3.28 (2.69–3.99)* |
| Treatment characteristics | |||
| Total thyroidectomy | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 0.89 (0.73–1.07) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) |
| Positive surgical margin | 1.39 (1.19–1.63)* | 1.37 (1.19–1.59)* | 1.38 (1.24–1.53)* |
| Radioiodine treatment | 0.77 (0.68–0.87)* | 0.86 (0.76–0.98)* | 0.81 (0.74–0.88)* |
| Hospital characteristics | |||
| Hospital surgery volume, per 10 cases per year | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) |
*
Indicates statistical significance with p-value ≤0.05
Reference=1
CI: Confidence interval.
CDCC: modified Charlson/Deyo score representing comorbidity; 0 indicates no comorbidity.
Model included patient age, gender, race, annual income, insurance status, hospital volume, comorbidity, nodal status, distant metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, extent of surgery, margin status, and radioiodine treatment.