Table 4.

Association between smoking-related thoughts/microbehaviours and sustained abstinence among those who had made quit attempts – Generalized estimating equations (GEE) modelling results

	% Achieving sustained abstinence	Individual predictor analysis^ (1843 observations from 1553 individuals#)		Intermediate step (1840 observations from 1548 individuals#)		Fully adjusted analysis^ (1674 observations from 1415 individuals#)
		Adjusted Odds ratio	95% CI	Adjusted Odds ratio	95% CI	Adjusted Odds ratio	95% CI
Thinking about harm to you
Never/don’t know	28.1	Ref		Ref		Ref
Occasionally	15.4	.89	.63 – 1.25	.84	.57–1.24	.89	.57 – 1.35
Often	21.1	.78	.56–1.08	.83	.55–1.23	.84	.54–1.29
Harm to others
Never/don’t know	24.5	Ref		Ref		Ref
Occasionally	15.9	1.15	.82 –1.57	1.20	.84–1.72	1.13	.76 – 1.69
Often	21.0	.84	.62–1.16	.92	.63–1.33	.79	.53–1.19
Cost of smoking
Never/don’t know	13.9	Ref		Ref		Ref
Occasionally	18.8	1.25	.94 – 1.67	1.34	.99–1.80	1.39	1.01 – 1.93*
Often	38.4	.98	.69–1.39	1.01	.90–1.47	1.20	.79–1.82
Seriously consider quitting
Never/don’t know	4.6	Ref		Ref		Ref
Occasionally	3.8	.70	.52 – .93*	.67	.49–.91*	.83	.58 – 1.17
Often	4.6	.84	.63–1.14	.87	.62–1.22	.81	.53–1.22
Butting out
No	4.1	Ref		Ref		Ref
Yes	4.2	.93	.74 – 1.18	.97	.75–1.26	.84	.63– 1.12
Forgoing
Never	4.4	Ref		Ref		Ref
At least once	3.5	1.05	.80 – 1.37	1.14	.86–1.54	1.23	.89 – 1.72

Notes:

^{^}In “individual indicator analysis” only one smoking-related thought/microbehaviour variable (predictor variable) was included (controlled for city of residence, age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, highest level of education attained, annual household income, cohort, and wave); in “intermediate step”, all predictor variable listed in the table were included (and controlled for all the covariates as in “individual predictor analysis”); whereas in “fully adjusted analysis” we further added the following smoking-related variables: Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), self-efficacy of quitting, length of last serious quit attempt, and intention to quit.

^#The number in some analyses was slightly less due to missing cases.

CI: confidence interval. Ref: reference value.

^*Significant at p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^**p<0.001.