Figure 8. IL-1β production is enhanced in Atg16L1^HM mice and is important for faster clearance of UPEC.

(a) Urine levels of IL-1β at baseline and 6 hpi as measured by ELISA (b) CFU counts of day one bacteriuria from WT and Atg16L1^HM mice given IP PBS or Anakinra. (c) Bacteriuria over time from WT (left) or Atg16L1^HM (right) mice treated with Anakinra or PBS displayed as mean Log¹⁰CFU/ml. *P<0.05, Two-way ANOVA with matching by animal and bonferroni post-test at each time point (a and c) and Mann Whitney test (b). Data are from (a) two independent experiments with a total of 7 WT and 6 Atg16L1^HM mice examined, and from (b-c) four independent experiments with 13 PBS treated Atg16L1^HM mice, 11 Anakinra treated Atg16L1^HM mice, 8 PBS treated WT mice, and 7 Anakinra treated WT mice, all are presented as mean with SEM.