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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 11.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2014;212:297–335. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63488-7.00015-X

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

Schematic representation of the avian song system and its relationship to the respiratory system. This figure highlights the bilateral nature of the projections from PAm to Uva and HVC. Details of several important circuits necessary in song learning and perception (e.g., the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP) and the ascending auditory pathway) have been omitted for simplicity.