Table 2.
Cytokines and disease progression/stage.
| Analyte | Secondary RRMS acute (ng/mL) |
RRMS remission (ng/mL) |
MS onset (ng/mL) |
Control (ng/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 6.09 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 1.1 |
| IL1β | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 0.4 |
| IL-1ra | 24.6 ± 12.5 | 27.3 ± 9.4 | 24.5 ± 12 | 38 ± 17.2 |
| IL-2Ra | 376.1 ± 71.7 | 301.5 ± 61.2 | 481.0 ± 303.5 | 36.3 ± 4.1 |
| P = 0.001 | P < 0.04 | |||
| IL-2 | 67.3 ± 12.4 | 59.3 ± 23 | 67.3 ± 12 | 78 ± 27 |
| IL-3 | 93.8 ± 15.8 | 78.7 ± 15.0 | 39.6 ± 9.6 | 67.2 ± 13.5 |
| IL4 | 80.6 ± 25.9 | 95.9 ± 23.5 | 33.2 ± 5.0 | 63.0 ± 18.6 |
| IL-5 | 30.5 ± 12.5 | 42.4 ± 23 | 33.2 ± 16.2 | 33 ± 23 |
| IL-7 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.03 | 6.2 ± 0.8 |
| IL-8 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 1.6 |
| IL-9 | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 7.3 ± 1.4 |
| IL10 | 18.1 ± 4.2 | 49.8 ± 9.5 | 42.3 ± 16.6 | 45.4 ± 10.2 |
| IL-12p40 | 3892.5 ± 821.9 | 3248.8 ± 327.7 | 4016.3 ± 571.7 | 86.0 ± 6.1 |
| P = 0.003 | P = 0.00014 | P = 0.00008 | ||
| IL-12 (p70) | 159.7 ± 103.2 | 78.0 ± 9.4 | 77.1 ± 0.7 | 84.1 ± 8.6 |
| IL-13 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.2 |
| IL-15 | 75.0 ± 6.5 | 80.4 ± 2.7 | 86.9 ± 11.2 | 68.6 ± 4.6 |
| IL-16 | 51.0 ± 10.8 | 123.6 ± 51.7 | 42.0 ± 13.1 | 241.1 ± 67.9 |
| P = 0.01 | ||||
| IL17A | 119.0 ± 12.0 | 104.3 ± 8.9 | 82.7 ± 28.0 | 44.7 ± 6.3 |
| P < 0.0003 | P = 0.0023 | |||
| IL17F | 145.7 ± 26.7 | 119.8 ± 10.7 | 88.5 ± 9.9 | 137.9 ± 30.4 |
| IL-18 | 124.4 ± 21.5 | 104.9 ± 8.5 | 126.4 ± 38.0 | 101.9 ± 24.3 |
| IL21 | 194.5 ± 17.0 | 191.1 ± 8.9 | 169.5 ± 24.6 | 162.0 ± 16.1 |
| IL22 | 216.9 ± 15.0 | 162.6 ± 9.4 | 173.1 ± 28.8 | 149.4 ± 18.7 |
| P < 0.02 | ||||
| * P = 0.007 | ||||
| IL23 | 530.2 ± 84.5 | 527.3 ± 27.2 | 585.3 ± 180.9 | 62.2 ± 8.9 |
| P <0.0004 | P = 0.000000002 | P = 0.003 | ||
| IL25 | 31.9 ± 4.9 | 39.1 ± 2.8 | 40.7 ± 7.0 | 32.4 ± 1.7 |
| IL31 | 253.8 ± 49.9 | 234.9 ± 19.5 | 262.5 ± 14.2 | 195.1 ± 29.8 |
| IL33 | 717.2 ± 192.9 | 1370.7 ± 501.6 | 720.0 ± 221.0 | 683.6 ± 158.1 |
| CCL2 | 821.1 ± 80.5 | 918.3 ± 54.8 | 1152.5 ± 192.5 | 145.6 ± 23.0 |
| P < 0.00002 | P = 0.00000001 | P < 0.005 | ||
| CCL3 | 72.3 ± 18.2 | 73.1 ± 10.7 | 89.4 ± 10.8 | 35.7 ± 4.1 |
| P = 0.0002 | ||||
| CCL4 | 37.5 ± 10.7 | 82.7 ± 13.9 | 57.7 ± 25.9 | 47.5 ± 13.2 |
| CCL5 | 15926.6 ± 11653.2 | 7726.7 ± 1699.9 | 11287.8 ± 4843.4 | 2589.5 ± 248.3 |
| CCL7 | 317.0 ± 65.4 | 286.7 ± 63.6 | 211.2 ± 93.5 | 119.8 ± 6.3 |
| P = 0.03 | ||||
| CCL11 | 128.6 ± 31.3 | 246.7 ± 29.7 | 107.3 ± 14.6 | 113.5 ± 28.8 |
| CCL27 | 4192.9 ± 773.6 | 4282.5 ± 912.8 | 3152.7 ± 582.9 | 854.6 ± 51.0 |
| P < 0.005 | P < 0.002 | |||
| CXCL1 | 362.7 ± 64.1 | 332.0 ± 48.7 | 379.9 ± 194.6 | 135.6 ± 40.6 |
| P = 0.02 | ||||
| CXCL9 | 2319.4 ± 687.2 | 1878.1 ± 314.4 | 967.2 ± 536.4 | 2461.8 ± 301.6 |
| P = 0.04 | ||||
| CXCL10 | 1655.1 ± 80.5 | 1754.4 ± 384.4 | 1308.3 ± 500.6 | 732.2 ± 111.5 |
| CXCL12 | 59.3 ± 13.3 | 65.4 ± 9.0 | 51.3 ± 15.9 | 33.5 ± 8.0 |
| IFN-α2 | 68.8 ± 23.3 | 46.3 ± 12 | 79 ± 12 | 40.9 ± 16.4 |
| INFγ | 48.3 ± 12.3 | 67.3 ± 23 | 67.2 ± 12 | 56 ± 26 |
| FGF basic | 16.5 ± 4.0 | 27.5 ± 3.8 | 26.5 ± 6.9 | 19.7 ± 4.3 |
| G-CSF | 56.3 ± 12.3 | 66.4 ± 24 | 78.3 ± 6 | 76 ± 34 |
| GM-CSF | 1085.5 ± 299.7 | 1101.2 ± 149.4 | 570.5 ± 117.4 | 931.7 ± 287.7 |
| HGF | 48.3 ± 21.7 | 37.3 ± 5.0 | 32.0 ± 10.0 | 29.2 ± 14.5 |
| LIF | 438.7 ± 75.4 | 401.1 ± 43.3 | 495.6 ± 142.0 | 37.3 ± 7.0 |
| P = 0.001 | P = 0.00065 | P < 0.005 | ||
| M-CSF | 368.3 ± 53.2 | 462.2 ± 43.2 | 173.5 ± 15.8 | 148.6 ± 38.9 |
| P = 0.01 | P < 0.003 | |||
| MIF | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.4 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 0.8 |
| b-NGF | 1324.5 ± 256.3 | 1526 ± 329.3 | 1134 ± 213 | 1462 ± 562 |
| PDGF-bb | 6012.3 ± 2966.4 | 3606.5 ± 592.3 | 2962.4 ± 906.1 | 2756.0 ± 1007.3 |
| sCD40L | 251.2 ± 51.1 | 206.9 ± 16.3 | 222.4 ± 65.9 | 142.7 ± 18.9 |
| SCF | 33385.6 ± 4425.1 | 54557.7 ± 13801.1 | 49672.2 ± 13153.3 | 46927.3 ± 7531.6 |
| SCGF-b | 4089.7 ± 1952.1 | 2174.5 ± 188.5 | 1254.8 ± 22.6 | 2582.4 ± 166.5 |
| P < 0.001 | ||||
| TNFα | 39.4 ± 8.9 | 36.0 ± 4.6 | 28.6 ± 14.1 | 55.0 ± 5.3 |
| TNF-β | 13.8 ± 3.2 | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 1.5 |
| TRAIL | 283.1 ± 22.7 | 271.1 ± 72.0 | 332.5 ± 29.2 | 46.2 ± 1.5 |
| P = 0.000002 | P = 0.000006 | |||
| VEGF | 135.9 ± 43.4 | 97.4 ± 13.4 | 111.5 ± 39.1 | 74.4 ± 10.5 |
P: to control.
*P: to RRMS remission.