Figure 5.

Autophagy activated NF-κB pathway. A. Measurement of the expression level of IL-1β gene To characterize which the intracellular proinflammatory pathways are involved in LPS-induced autophagy, both canonical and non-canonical routes of NF-κB were studied with Western blot. B. LPS stimulated the classic canonical route via phosphorylation of p65; C. but did not cause any effects non-canonical route as indicated by without changes in p52 phosphorylation : * P<0.05 vs. CON; #P<0.05 vs. LPS.