Table 3.
Infant and Maternal Characteristics and Incidence of Nevirapine Resistance
| Characteristic | N | Hazard ratio (95% CI)a | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline infant characteristics | |||
| Female | 11 | Ref. | — |
| Male | 8 | 2.14 (0.43–10.77) | 0.4 |
| Age | |||
| <3 months | 12 | Ref. | — |
| ≥3 months | 7 | 1.38 (0.32–5.87) | 0.7 |
| Weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) | |||
| ≥−2 | 7 | Ref. | — |
| <−2 | 12 | 1.84 (0.41–8.25) | 0.4 |
| Height-for-age z-score (HAZ) | |||
| ≥−2 | 9 | Ref. | — |
| <−2 | 10 | 1.57 (0.36–6.82) | 0.5 |
| HIV WHO Clinical Stage | |||
| Grade I/II | 9 | Ref. | |
| Grade III/IV | 10 | 1.16 (0.25–5.28) | 0.9 |
| CD4+ T cells% | |||
| ≥25% | 5 | Ref. | — |
| <25% | 14 | 2.01 (0.19–21.68) | 0.6 |
| HIV-1 subtype | |||
| A | 12 | Ref. | — |
| C | 3 | 14.02 (2.65–74.22) | 0.002 |
| D | 2 | 2.36 (0.17–31.97) | 0.5 |
| Recombinant | 2 | 1.62 (0.23–11.21) | 0.6 |
| Baseline maternal characteristics | |||
| Age | |||
| >25 years | 8 | Ref. | — |
| ≤25 years | 11 | 1.47 (0.27–8.12) | 0.7 |
| Secondary or college education | 9 | Ref. | — |
| Primary education | 10 | 2.29 (0.44–11.98) | 0.3 |
| CD4+ T cell count | |||
| ≥350 cells/μl | 10 | Ref. | — |
| <350 cells/μl | 8 | 3.91 (0.77–19.94) | 0.101 |
| Infant viral load | |||
| Baseline HIV-1 plasma viral load, per log10 copies/ml increase | 17 | 0.76 (0.22–2.60) | 0.7 |
| HIV-1 plasma viral load, per log10 copies/ml increaseb | — | 1.56 (1.15–2.12) | 0.004 |
| Adherence | |||
| Caregiver-reported missed doseb | — | 1.13 (0.26–4.86) | 0.9 |
a
Hazard ratios and p-values are from Cox regression models comparing each category to the referent category.
b
Log10 HIV-1 viral load and adherence are modeled as time-varying covariates, as the values from the interval prior to the evaluation of resistance.