TABLE 3.
Multivariable Linear Regression of Psychomotor and Mental Development Index With Patient Risk Factors for Select Homogeneous Diagnostic Subgroups
| Variable | TGA | TOF | HLHS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDI | MDI | PDI | MDI | PDI | MDI | |
| Patients (centers), n | 324 (9) | 334 (9) | 174 (8) | 179 (8) | 541 (20) | 549 (20) |
| Adjusted R2, % | 13.6 | 22.9 | 33.6 | 37.4 | 11.5 | 20.3 |
| Root MSE | 14.6 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 12.5 | 17.5 | 15.6 |
| Year of birth | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | 0.07 (.87) | 0.33 (.35) | 1.43 (.04) | 1.12 (.0497) | 0.48 (.19) | −0.11 (.73) |
| 95% CI | −0.76 to 0.90 | −0.36 to 1.03 | 0.07 to 2.79 | 0.002 to 2.25 | −0.23 to 1.20 | −0.74 to 0.51 |
| Center, P | <.001 | <.001 | .01 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Cardiac subclass | ||||||
| Intact ventricular septuma | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | 3.6 (.04) | −0.8 (.59) | — | — | — | — |
| 95% CI | 0.1 to 7.1 | −3.7 to 2.1 | — | — | — | — |
| No pulmonary atresiab | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | — | 9.2 (.01) | 3.5 (.24) | — | — |
| 95% CI | — | — | 2.1 to 16.4 | −2.4 to 9.4 | — | — |
| Birth weight (per kg) | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | 2.73 (.07) | 3.30 (.007) | 2.77 (.13) | 4.24 (.006) | 2.51 (.09) | 4.64 (<.001) |
| 95% CI | −0.17 to 5.63 | 0.89 to 5.70 | −0.84 to 6.38 | 1.26 to 7.22 | −0.40 to 5.42 | 2.05 to 7.24 |
| Race, P | .37 | — | .35 | — | .03 | — |
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Black | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | −5.0 (.32) | — | 2.1 (.72) | — | 4.8 (.10) | — |
| 95% CI | −14.8 to 4.9 | — | −9.6 to 13.7 | — | −0.9 to 10.5 | — |
| Other | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | 2.6 (.34) | — | 5.9 (.15) | — | −7.3 (.05) | — |
| 95% CI | −2.8 to 8.0 | — | −2.2 to 14.1 | — | −14.7 to 0.1 | — |
| Female gender | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | 6.4 (<.001) | — | 1.1 (.58) | — | 2.6 (.07) |
| 95% CI | — | 3.5 to 9.3 | — | −2.9 to 5.1 | — | −5.5 to 0.2 |
| Maternal education, P | — | <.001 | — | .049 | — | .006 |
| Graduate school | — | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference |
| Completed college | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | −3.4 (.19) | — | 6.0 (.03) | — | −1.7 (.48) |
| 95% CI | — | −8.6 to 1.7 | — | 0.5 to 11.5 | — | −6.6 to 3.1 |
| High school and/or some college | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | −9.4 (<.001) | — | 3.0 (.27) | — | −6.2 (.007) |
| 95% CI | — | −14.3 to −4.4 | — | −2.3 to 8.3 | — | −10.8 to −1.7 |
| Less than high school | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | −13.1 (<.001) | — | 2.3 (.61) | — | −7.9 (.02) |
| 95% CI | — | −19.2 to −6.9 | — | −6.6 to 11.3 | — | −14.3 to −1.5 |
| Missing or not specified | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | — | −6.8 (.03) | — | −13.0 (.10) | — | −6.8 (.02) |
| 95% CI | — | −13.0 to −0.5 | — | −28.5 to 2.5 | — | −12.5 to −1.1 |
| Genetic anomaly, P | .01 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Normal or not specified | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Suspected genetic or major extracardiac | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | −16.8 (.03) | −13.8 (.03) | −18.6 (.005) | −22.4 (<.001) | −7.9 (<.001) | −6.8 (.001) |
| 95% CI | −31.7 to −2.0 | −26.2 to −1.4 | −31.4 to −5.8 | −33.1 to −11.6 | −12.6 to −3.3 | −10.9 to −2.7 |
| Definite genetic | ||||||
| β-estimate (P) | −23.2 (.03) | −28.3 (<.001) | −22.6 (<.001) | −20.3 (<.001) | −18.5 (<.001) | −21.5 (<.001) |
| 95% CI | −44.2 to −2.3 | −42.6 to −14.1 | −29.8 to −15.5 | −25.9 to −14.6 | −27.4 to −9.5 | −29.2 to −13.7 |
CI, confidence interval; MSE, mean square error, with root MSE representing the sample SD of the differences between observed and predicted values. —, variable not included in the corresponding model.
a
In comparison with ventricular septal defect.
b
In comparison with pulmonary atresia.