TABLE 4.
Cox Regression Model Associations Between Maternal Depression Trajectory Group and Time of Onset of Health Risk Behaviors
| Outcome | Mild Maternal Depressive Symptoms (Trajectory Group 2) | Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence (Trajectory Group 3) | Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Midchildhood (Trajectory Group 4) | Recurrent Maternal Depressive Symptoms (Trajectory Group 5) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette use, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.27* (1.02 to 1.57) | 1.17 (0.77 to 1.77) | 2.18** (1.52 to 3.13) | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.67) |
| HRa | |||||
| Adjustedb | 1.25* (1.00 to 1.56) | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.62) | 2.15** (1.48 to 3.12) | 0.92 (0.44 to 1.92) | |
| HR | |||||
| Alcohol use, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.15* (1.02 to 1.31) | 0.96 (0.70 to 1.31) | 1.37* (1.05 to 1.80) | 1.16 (0.80 to 1.67) |
| Adjusteda | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) | 0.95 (0.68 to 1.34) | 1.43* (1.05 to 1.96) | 1.31 (0.87 to 1.98) | |
| Alcohol use to intoxication, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.36) | 0.85 (0.57 to 1.26) | 1.14 (0.7 to 1.88) | 1.14 (0.67 to 1.94) |
| Adjusteda | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.20) | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.29) | 1.28 (0.82 to 2.01) | 1.04 (0.59 to 1.87) | |
| Marijuana use, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.28* (1.05 to 1.57) | 1.05 (0.72 to 1.53) | 1.78* (1.10 to 2.86) | 1.28 (0.71 to 2.32) |
| Adjusteda | 1.24* (1.01 to 1.51) | 0.99 (0.65 to 1.51) | 1.91* (1.15 to 3.16) | 1.33 (0.72 to 2.47) | |
| Hallucinogen use, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.48 (0.93 to 2.38) | 1.33 (0.70 to 2.53) | 3.52* (1.32 to 9.38) | 1.11 (0.01 to 238.74) |
| Adjusteda | 1.52 (0.91 to 2.53) | 1.04 (0.43 to 2.50) | 3.51* (1.26 to 9.77) | 1.12 (0.01 to 218.22) | |
| Other drugs (eg, crack/cocaine) use, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.95** (1.25 to 3.03) | 1.86 (0.94 to 3.69) | 1.59 (0.63 to 4.01) | 2.51 (0.09 to 69.53) |
| Adjusteda | 1.77* (1.13 to 2.77) | 1.23 (0.56 to 2.70) | 1.43 (0.59 to 3.50) | 1.59 (0.04 to 62.34) | |
| Sexual intercourse, (95% CI) | Crude | 1.28* (1.01 to 1.62) | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.69) | 1.20 (0.69 to 2.08) | 1.98* (1.04 to 3.79) |
| Adjusteda | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.62) | 1.00 (0.65 to 1.54) | 1.28 (0.74 to 2.24) | 1.86 (0.89 to 3.86) | |
*
P < .05. ** P < .005.
a
Results from Cox regression models with binary health risk behaviors and time of debut of these behaviors as outcomes, respectively. Hazard ratios compare trajectory groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 with group 1.
b
Adjusted for SES, gender, and cohort.