Table 3.
Our series of patients affected by LIAS
| Pt | Age (years), Sex | Fukuhara class | Pre-operative symptoms | Post-operative symptoms | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68, F | III | Gait impairment and instability and urinary incontinence | Improvement of gait instability and urinary incontinence | 52 |
| 2 | 32, M | I | Acute and intense headache for 4 days and bilateral papilledema | Improvement of headache and papilloedema | 3 |
| 3 | 69, M | III | Subjective dizziness or instability for 1 year, mild cognitive impairment and persistent headache for 2 years | Improvement of headache and cognitive impairment. Resolution of subjective dizziness or instability | 16 |
| 4 | 22, M | II | Headache and bilateral hypovisus with papilloedema | Improvement of headache, visus and papilloedema | 34 |
| 5 | 65, M | II | Early dementia and gait impairment for 6 months. Urinary incontinence. Papilloedema | Improvement of gait impairment and cognitive impairment. Persistence of urinary incontinence. No papilloedema | 50 |
| 6 | 63, F | III | Ataxic gait with frequent falls | Resolution of gait ataxia | 51 |
| 7 | 72, F | III | Gait impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence | Improvement of gait and cognitive impairment. Persistence of urinary incontinence | 30 |
| 8 | 25, M | II | Persistent headache for 3 months, gait instability, and urinary incontinence. Episodic drop-attacks. Papilloedema | Improvement of headache. Resolution of gait impairment and papilloedema. Improvement of urinary incontinence | 50 |
| 9 | 71, M | II | Ataxic gait and episodic urinary incontinence for 6 months | Resolution of gait impairment and urinary incontinence | 40 |
| 10 | 52, M | III | Gait impairment for 1 year, mild cognitive impairment, and episodic urinary incontinence | Resolution of gait and urinary impairment. Stability of cognitive impairment | 28 |
| 11 | 69, M | III | Progressive cognitive impairment and subjective dizziness and instability | Resolution of cognitive impairment and improvement of subjective instability | 20 |
| 12 | 65, F | III | Persistent morning headaches for 2 years, gait instability for 5 months, and progressive cognitive impairment | Resolution of gait instability, resolution of cognitive impairment, decrease of morning headaches | 7 |
| 13 | 66, M | III | Gait impairment for 1 year, mild cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence for 7 months | Improvement of gait impairment. Stability of cognitive impairment. Persistence of urinary incontinence | 17 |
According to Fukuhara and Luciano (2001), patients were divided in three classes according to hydrocephalus duration. Class I (acute): symptoms lasting less than 1 month. Class II (subacute): 1 month <, < 6 months. Class III (chronic): more than 6 months, LIAS: late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis.