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This 69-year-old woman with spondylolisthesis and spinal canal stenosis at L4–5 underwent a single level PLIF. Twenty-four months postoperative computed tomography (A) and anteroposterior X-ray (B) shows translucency below interbody cages. Anteflexion (C) and retroflexion X-ray (D) revealed no instability. This case was judged “non-union” because of translucency. PLIF: posterior lumbar interbody fusion.
