Table 3.

Summary of updated findings

Gender / Histology / Location	Events
Male	ELAVL4122)
Early tumorigenesis	NF2, 4.1B protein2,69,126)
Fibrous, transitional, psammomatous	NF22,69)
Meningothelial, secretory, microcystic	Non-NF22,69)
Secretory	Non-NF2, KLF4, TRAF7132,133)
Meningothelial, transitional	AKT1E17K, SFRP1134)
Clear-cell histology (familial spinal)	SMARCE1135)
Falx cerebri	SMARCB1 (INI1)136)
Microcystic, secretory, angiomatous	Peritumoral brain edema58)
Peritumoral brain edema	Mast cell,59–61) HIF1,61) AQP4,63) AQP5,64) VEGF,63,65,66) MMP9,66) IL-667)
Atypical	Allelic loss of 1p, 6q, 9q, 10q, 14q, 17p, 18q2)
Anaplastic	Allelic loss of 6q, 9p, 10, 14q2)
Benign	Non-NF2,2,69,132) skull base87,89)
High grade/recurrent	Male,2,69,87,88) PR,93,94) SSTR2A,96) FAS,97–99) BFABP,97,100) COX-2,100) osteopontin,101,102) AKT2,104) CD163105)
High grade/progression	NY-ESO-1,103) TSLC-1,127) MEG3,128) NDRG2,129,130) NF2,132) TERT137)

AQP4: aquaporin 4, AQP5: aquaporin 5, BFABP: brain fatty acid binding protein, COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2, FAS: fatty acid synthase, HIF-1: hypoxia induced factor 1, IL-6: interleukin 6, MEG3: maternally expressed gene 3, MMP9: matrix metalloproteinase-9, NDRG2: N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2, NF: neurofibromatosis, PR: progesterone receptor, SFRP1: secreted frizzled-related protein 1, SSTR2A: somatostatin receptor 2A, TERT: telomerase reverse transcriptase, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.