Ultrastructural examination showing membranes of the individual cilia that have fused with one another to form large dysfunctional compound cilia (A, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ×4000). Ultrastructural examination showing normal 9+2 microtubule structure, however, there is an absent outer dynein arm (ODA) defect (B, TEM,×40 000). (B) Inset showing a single microtubule with intact inner dynein arm (IDA) but absent ODA.