Table 3.
Clinical Outcome Measures
| Outcome | N | Meanpre (SD) | Meanpost (SD) | Rangepre | Rangepost | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | 160 | 156 (20) | 140 (17) | 84-230 | 84-184 | 16.6a |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 161 | 95.0 (4.9) | 97.4 (3.1) | 69-100 | 80-100 | −10.4a |
| Painb | 171 | 2.8 (3.0) | 0.2 (0.7) | 0-7 | 0-5 | 11.9a |
| Presentationc | 73 | 3.1 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.0) | 0-5 | 0-4 | 14.5a |
a
P<.001
b
Pain assessed with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Higher scores indicate greater levels of pain.
c
Presentation assessed with a hospital-generated scale. Lower scores indicate greater levels of relaxation.