Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for weighted sample of women across study cities in Uttar Pradesh, India, 2010
| Women with no children (n w = 1126) % or mean (SD) | Women with 1 child only (n w = 2003) % or mean (SD) | Women with 2 or more children (n w = 9271) % or mean (SD) | p-value (Chi-squared or t-test)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M (SD) | 23.8 (5.7) | 26.5 (6.2) | 34.9 (7.3) | <.001 |
| Education (%) | <.001 | |||
| None | 19.82 | 16.76 | 36.67 | |
| <5 years | 2.16 | 1.97 | 2.93 | |
| 5–7 years | 9.44 | 7.16 | 9.66 | |
| 8–9 years | 13.17 | 9.97 | 9.99 | |
| 10–11 years | 12.21 | 12.05 | 11.13 | |
| 12+ years | 43.2 | 52.1 | 29.55 | |
| Wealth (%) | <.001 | |||
| Quintile 1 | 15.21 | 12.21 | 19.67 | |
| Quintile 2 | 21.29 | 14.84 | 18.86 | |
| Quintile 3 | 18.32 | 18.72 | 20.23 | |
| Quintile 4 | 22.61 | 25.17 | 21.03 | |
| Quintile 5 | 22.57 | 29.07 | 20.22 | |
| Religion (%) | >.05 | |||
| Hindu | 81.69 | 79.78 | 79.49 | |
| Muslim & Other | 18.32 | 20.07 | 20.51 | |
| City (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Agra | 31.66 | 34.87 | 33.80 | |
| Aligarh | 17.11 | 12.93 | 17.75 | |
| Allahabad | 26.38 | 30.12 | 26.78 | |
| Gorakhpur | 24.85 | 22.08 | 21.67 | |
| Descriptive norms, M (SD)b | 1.83 (0.59) | 1.82 (0.58) | 1.82 (0.54) | >.05 |
| Injunctive norms (%) | 93.56 | 96.82 | 95.50 | <.001 |
| Interpersonal communication, M (SD)c | 1.92 (0.74) | 2.19 (0.73) | 2.26 (0.67) | <.001 |
| Modern contraceptive use (%) | 4.81 | 35.69 | 53.27 | <.001 |
aCompares differences across the three parity groups. bPerception that others in the community use family planning (4-point scale). cInterpersonal communication around family planning (8-point scale). Unweighted samples: n = 1134, n = 1749, n = 8928