Chi-square = 2.111, df = 3, p = .550. A mediation model of the effect of non-supportive parenting at baseline, growth of substance use from age 18 to 20, and telomere length at age 22 with effects of socioeconomic-related risk and gender controlled. Significant indirect pathway from NSP to TL through Escalation Slope = −.098, p = .027, accounting for 91.59% of the association between NSP and TL. N = 183 (males = 65; females = 118).