Table 3.
Health-related Quality of Life according to the number of PEP session attendance
| PEP session attendance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRQOL | 1 (n = 25) | 2 (n = 49) | 3-6 (n = 41) | ≥7 (n = 64) | P-value* | ||
| Change in SF-12v2 | |||||||
| PF | −3.8 ± 16.9 | 3.5 ± 21.4 | 2.3 ± 21.0 | 0.8 ± 23.6 | 0.546 | ||
| RP | −7.2 ± 23.2 | 1.3 ± 15.0 | −2.3 ± 17.9 | 3.3 ± 24.4 | 0.137 | ||
| BP | 8.7 ± 33.1 | 13.5 ± 27.8 | −1.2 ± 22.7 | 3.9 ± 29.6 | 0.081 | ||
| GH | −11.7 ± 25.3 | 0.1 ± 24.8 | −5.6 ± 33.8 | −2.0 ± 30.4 | 0.360 | ||
| VT | 1.9 ± 27.3 | 4.0 ± 23.9 | 1.8 ± 27.3 | 5.5 ± 25.4 | 0.881 | ||
| SF | −3.8 ± 32.9 | 0.0 ± 12.4 | −1.7 ± 18.4 | 5.5 ± 24.6 | 0.203 | ||
| RE | −1.0 ± 16.6 | 5.5 ± 14.3 | −2.0 ± 15.9 | 5.1 ± 18.9 | 0.063 | ||
| MH | −4.0 ± 23.0 | 3.3 ± 14.4 | −1.5 ± 14.1 | 1.4 ± 18.4 | 0.294 | ||
| PCS | −1.5 ± 9.2 | 1.9 ± 7.7 | −0.4 ± 7.0 | 0.4 ± 9.5 | 0.374 | ||
| MCS | −0.8 ± 10.8 | 1.3 ± 6.9 | −0.9 ± 7.7 | 2.1 ± 9.6 | 0.249 | ||
| Change in SF-6D | 0.000 ± 0.139 | 0.064 ± 0.106 | 0.001 ± 0.110 | 0.024 ± 0.134 | 0.059 | ||
| Generic session attendance | DM-specific session attendance | P-value** | |||||
| Non-attendees | Attendees | Non-attendees | Attendees | DM-specific | |||
| HRQOL | 0 (n = 23) | ≥1 (n = 156) | 0 (n = 29) | ≥1 (n = 150) | Generic | ||
| Change in SF-12v2 | |||||||
| PF | 4.3 ± 19.4 | 0.8 ± 21.8 | −5.0 ± 15.3 | 2.5 ± 22.4 | 0.458 | 0.083 | |
| RP | 3.3 ± 10.1 | −0.5 ± 21.8 | −9.6 ± 24.5 | 1.8 ± 19.4 | 0.411 | 0.006 | |
| BP | 19.6 ± 31.9 | 4.1 ± 27.5 | 5.0 ± 26.6 | 6.3 ± 29.0 | 0.015 | 0.827 | |
| GH | 0.4 ± 17.5 | −4.2 ± 30.5 | −7.7 ± 27.2 | −2.8 ± 29.5 | 0.476 | 0.408 | |
| VT | 3.3 ± 23.0 | 3.8 ± 26.0 | −1.7 ± 26.2 | 4.8 ± 25.4 | 0.929 | 0.208 | |
| SF | −4.3 ± 9.7 | 1.7 ± 23.3 | −3.3 ± 31.3 | 1.8 ± 19.9 | 0.220 | 0.247 | |
| RE | 2.7 ± 10.6 | 2.7 ± 17.6 | −2.1 ± 19.7 | 3.6 ± 16.2 | 0.987 | 0.093 | |
| MH | 2.7 ± 17.7 | 0.2 ± 17.2 | 1.3 ± 22.2 | 0.3 ± 16.2 | 0.508 | 0.784 | |
| PCS | 3.3 ± 7.3 | −0.1 ± 8.6 | −2.7 ± 7.3 | 1.0 ± 8.6 | 0.073 | 0.032 | |
| MCS | −0.3 ± 8.5 | 0.9 ± 8.8 | 0.4 ± 9.8 | 0.9 ± 8.5 | 0.517 | 0.781 | |
| Change in SF-6D | 0.086 ± 0.109 | 0.017 ± 0.124 | −0.011 ± 0.138 | 0.033 ± 0.120 | 0.012 | 0.077 | |
Note:
PEP Patient Empowerment Programme, HRQOL Health-related Quality of Life, PF Physical Functioning, RP Role Physical, BP Bodily Pain, GH General Health, VT Vitality, SF Social Functioning, RE Role Emotional, MH Mental Health, PCS Physical Composite Summary, MCS Mental Composite Summary
*P-value of testing significance using one-way ANOVA
**P-value of testing significance between non-attendees and attendees using paired t-test