Skip to main content
. 2015 Jun;15(2):145–153.

Table 3.

Vitamin D3 supplementation vs. placebo on muscle function outcomes.

n Baseline n 3-Month n 6-Month n 12-Month Fixed effect of randomization LSMean ± SEa Pa
Force Plate
 Peak Jump Power (watts)
  - Placebo 27 2596±148 25 2734±176 25 2732±178 26 2735±160b 2697±59 0.369
  - Vitamin D 29 2671±171 28 2823±187 28 2910±197b 24 2665±187 2770±57
 Peak Jump Energy (cm)
  - Placebo 27 32.8±2.0 25 35.5±1.8 25 33.7±2.0 26 34.5±2.1 34.6±0.7 0.142
  - Vitamin D 29 33.0±2.0 28 35.1±1.8 28 36.4±1.9 24 35.9±2.0b 36.1±0.8
Biodex Ankle (Newton-meters)
 Isometric Plantar Extension Peak Torque
 -10°
  - Placebo 24 70.0±4.8 22 73.7±4.8 22 80.7±5.3 18 75.6±6.3 72.5±2.7 0.698
  - Vitamin D 26 68.6±6.8 25 79.2±6.3 22 78.6±6.5 22 76.0±7.4 74.0±2.6
 0°
  - Placebo 27 64.3±5.6 26 61.6±3.6 26 71.9±4.8 26 67.7±4.1 64.9±2.3 0.429
  - Vitamin D 29 62.7±5.3 29 67.1±4.5 29 70.4±5.1 26 64.2±5.9 67.4±2.2
 10°
  - Placebo 27 54.1±4.8 26 50.9±3.8 26 58.1±4.7 26 55.7±3.8 53.5±1.9 0.944
  - Vitamin D 29 52.7±4.1 29 53.2±3.6 29 52.5±4.3 26 50.3±4.7 53.2±1.8
 20°
  - Placebo 27 42.0±3.9 26 37.7±3.3 26 44.7±4.0 26 41.9±3.1 40.0±1.5 0.696
  - Vitamin D 29 39.6±3.0 29 36.3±2.8 29 38.2±3.6 26 37.7±3.5 39.2±1.5
 Dorsiflexion Peak Torque
 -10°
  - Placebo 24 16.4±1.2 22 17.0±1.4 22 16.6±1.5 18 15.1±1.3 16.2±0.6 0.954
  - Vitamin D 26 16.8±1.4 25 17.1±1.4 22 17.4±1.6 22 15.1±1.5 16.1±0.6
 0°
  - Placebo 27 22.0±1.4 26 21.2±1.5 26 21.4±1.5 26 20.1±1.2 21.2±0.6 0.452
  - Vitamin D 29 22.1±1.4 29 22.0±1.5 29 23.0±1.3 26 19.8±1.4 21.7±0.6
 10°
  - Placebo 27 26.6±1.7 26 23.9±1.6b 26 26.1±1.7 26 24.0±1.4 24.9±0.6 0.522
  - Vitamin D 29 25.8±1.4 29 25.9±1.6 29 25.3±1.5 26 23.4±1.4 25.4±0.6
 20°
  - Placebo 27 27.5±1.7 26 25.1±1.7 26 27.8±2.0 26 25.7±1.6 26.1±0.7 0.456
  - Vitamin D 29 26.6±1.4 29 26.6±1.5 29 26.7±1.6 26 26.0±1.5 26.8±0.7
Biodex Knee (Newton-meters)
 Extension Peak Torque
 60°/sec
  - Placebo 27 78.8±4.9 26 73.6±4.3 26 76.0±5.8 26 65.2±4.2b 76.8±2.1 0.927
  - Vitamin D 29 88.1±6.2 29 84.3±6.5 29 76.7±4.9b 26 68.2±5.2b 76.5±2.0
 Flexion Peak Torque
 60°/sec
  - Placebo 27 36.7±2.2 26 36.6±2.3 26 37.7±2.8 26 31.7±2.1b 35.8±1.3 0.902
  - Vitamin D 29 37.4±2.4 29 38.6±2.8 29 38.3±3.1 26 30.2±2.4b 36.1±1.3
Handgrip Strength (kg)
  - Placebo 27 32.3±2.1 26 33.9±2.1 26 33.3±2.1 25 33.7±2.3 34.7±0.5 0.901
  - Vitamin D 29 35.3±1.9 29 36.6±2.1 29 36.0±1.9 26 35.7±2.1c 34.6±0.5
a

Results are the fixed effect of randomization group from multilevel regression models testing for persistence of response at 3-12 months based on untransformed data, also controlling for time of study visit and adjusting for baseline values; data are least-squares mean (LSMean) ± standard error (SE).

b

Significantly different from baseline mean within randomization group by paired t-test at P<0.05.

c

Significantly different from placebo mean within time of study visit by Student’s t-test at P<0.05.