Table 3. Median levels [95% confidence intervals] of oxidative stress markers according to placental pathologies.

Placental pathology	Oxidative Stress Marker (N = 120)
	MDA (mM/mg)	NO (mM)	SOD (SOD unit/mg)	CAT (μM of H2O2/min/mg)	GSH (mM/mg)
Parasites in the placenta (n = 16)	1.40[1.16–1.71]	0.07[0.05–0.12]	80.39[55.5–86.1]	1.42[1.04–3.01]	55.37[52.3–66.0]
No parasites in the placenta (n = 104)	0.80[0.98–1.34]	0.07[0.07–0.08]	76.89[69.5–85.6]	2.14[2.02–3.30]	57.00[55.2–62.0]
P	= 0.025	= 0.80	= 0.70	= 0;78	= 0.70
Leukocyte accumulation (n = 22)	0.93[0.81–1.57]	0.06[0.05–0.07]	54.61[44.2–72.1]	0.90[0.86–2.30]	56.00[53.1–69.3]
No leukocyte accumulation (n = 98)	0.93[1.02–1.38]	0.07[0.07–0.08]	79.50[72.6–88.9]	2.23[2.13–3.47]	57.28[54.8–61.5]
P	= 0.70	= 0.046	= 0.015	= 0.09	= 0.59
Presence of pigments (n = 15)	1.40[1.13–1.98]	0.08[0.05–0.13]	84.67[58.4–94.1]	1.90[1.07–3.97]	60.00[55.2–74.5]
Absence of pigments (n = 105)	0.82[0.97–1.32]	0.07[0.07–0.08]	75.80[68.7–84.6]	2.66[1.96–3.21]	56.03[54.5–61.0]
P	0.021	0.37	= 0.75	0.90	0.12

Values outside the bracket correspond to the median while values in brackets correspond to the lower and upper 95% confidence intervals, using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test. MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: nitric oxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, GSH: Glutathione. P = p value