Table 2.
Biochemical parameters in colostrum and serum from normal weight, overweight and obese mothers
| Parameter | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Statistical | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose concentrations (mmol/L) | Colostrum | 1.9 (0.7–2.9) 3 | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) 1,3 | 3.2 (2.0–4.5) 1,2,3 | F = 5.94; p = .002 (comparing the groups) |
| Serum | 4.3 (4.2–5.1) | 4.4 (3.7–5.4) | 4.3 (3.7–5.7) | F = 139.15; p = .001 (comparing the colostrum and serum) | |
| Total Protein (g/L) | Colostrum | 101.0 (91.0–115.0) 3 | 89.0 (76.0–127.0) | 86.0 (61.0–157.0) 3 | F = 0.25; p = .758 (comparing the groups) |
| Serum | 59.0 (57.0–67.0) | 62.5 (58.0–83.0) | 66.5 (54.0–76.0) | F = 47.53; p = .001 (comparing the colostrum and serum) | |
| Triglyceride concentrations (mmol/L) | Colostrum | 5.3 (2.5–6.6) 3 | 5.1 (2.5–6.3) 3 | 4.6 (2.6–8.0) 3 | F = 10.59; p = .008 (comparing the groups) |
| Serum | 1.6 (0.8–2.2) | 1.9 (0.9–3.3) | 2.9 (2.0–5.5) 1 | F = 57.47; p = .001 (comparing the colostrum and serum) | |
| Cholesterol concentrations (mmol/L) | Colostrum | 4.3 (2.1–6.2) | 4.1 (2.7–5.9) | 5.2 (2.9–8.2) 3 | F = 5.05; p = .010 (comparing the groups) |
| Serum | 5.1 (4.7–5.4) | 5.4 (4.6–5.9) | 6.0 (5.2–12.3) 1 | F = 11.08; p = .002 (comparing the colostrum and serum) | |
| CRP concentrations (mg/L) | Colostrum | 4.0 (0.0–8.0) | 5.0 (0.0–11.0) | 6.0 (0.0–12.0) | F = 12.30; p = .002 (comparing the groups) |
| Serum | 9.0 (5.0–28.0) | 16.0 (0.0–26.0) 3 | 85.0 (17.0–201.0) 1,2,3 | F = 20.71; p = .001 (comparing the colostrum and serum) | |
| Fat (%) | Colostrum | 3.3 (0.4–6.7) | 3.6 (1.2–9.4) | 5.6 (2.0–11.9) 1 | F = 7.27; p = .005 (comparing the groups) |
| Calories (Kcal) | Colostrum | 537.9 (396.7–764.3) | 543.6 (396.7–944.6) | 688.2 (450.3–1111.6) 1 | F = 6.90; p = .003 (comparing the groups) |
Data presented as media, minimum and maximum values
1Statistically significant differences in relation to the normal weight category, considering the same sample (colostrum or serum)
2Statistically significant differences in relation to the overweight category, considering the same sample (colostrum or serum)
3Statistically significant differences between colostrum and serum, considering the same group (normal weight, overweight and obese)